Robust optimisation of sustainable food grain transportation with uncertain supply and intentional disruptions

The proliferating need for sustainability intervention in food grain transportation planning is anchoring the attention of researchers in the interests of stakeholders and environment at large. Uncertainty associated with food grain supply further intensifies the problem steering the need for designing robust, cost-efficient and sustainable models. In line with this, this paper aims to develop a robust and sustainable intermodal transportation model to facilitate single type of food grain commodity shipments while considering procurement uncertainty, greenhouse gas emissions, and intentional hub disruption. The problem is designed as a mixed integer non-linear robust optimisation model on a hub and spoke network for evaluating near optimal shipment quantity, route selection and hub location decisions. The robust optimisation approach considers minimisation of total relative regret associated with total cost subject to several real-time constraints. A version of Particle Swarm Optimisation with Differential Evolution is proposed to tackle the resulting NP-hard problem. The model is tested with two other state-of the art meta-heuristics for small, medium, and large datasets subject to different procurement scenarios inspired from real time food grain operations in Indian context. Finally, the solution is evaluated with respect to total cost, model and solution robustness for all instances.     

The control of sea lice in Atlantic salmon by selective breeding

Sea lice threaten the welfare of farmed Atlantic salmon and the sustainability of fish farming across the world. Chemical treatments are the major method of control but drug resistance means that alternatives are urgently needed. Selective breeding can be a cheap and effective alternative. Here, we combine experimental trials and diagnostics to provide a practical protocol for quantifying resistance to sea lice. We then combined quantitative genetics with epidemiological modelling to make the first prediction of the response to selection, quantified in terms of reduced need for chemical treatments. We infected over 1400 young fish with Lepeophtheirus salmonis, the most important species in the Northern Hemisphere. Mechanisms of resistance were expressed early in infection. Consequently, the number of lice per fish and the ranking of families were very similar at 7 and 17 days post infection, providing a stable window for assessing susceptibility to infection. The heritability of lice numbers within this time window was moderately high at 0.3, confirming that selective breeding is viable. We combined an epidemiological model of sea lice infection and control on a salmon farm with genetic variation in susceptibility among individuals. We simulated 10 generations of selective breeding and examined the frequency of treatments needed to control infection. Our model predicted that substantially fewer chemical treatments are needed to control lice outbreaks in selected populations and chemical treatment could be unnecessary after 10 generations of selection. Selective breeding for sea lice resistance should reduce the impact of sea lice on fish health and thus substantially improve the sustainability of Atlantic salmon production.     

论城市可持续性发展与地下空间利用

本文分析了目前制约我国城市可持续发展的最主要因素是低效率的土地利用方式 ,若使地上、地面、地下空间协调发展 ,合理科学的规划好地下空间 ,珍惜地下空间资源 ,健全地下空间法律法规 ,统一地下空间管理机构 ,则可高效率的利用土地。     

地球物理与中国的可持续发展

在20世纪中国的发展历程中,地球物理在资源探查、环境保护和减轻自然灾害服务等诸多方面发挥了举足轻重的作用。21世纪,中国走可持续发展之路已成为必然选择。随着可持续发展思想及内涵的逐渐丰富,地球物理必将为中国的可持续发展起到更大作用。     

可持续发展战略指导下的轨道交通规划与评价

提出了轨道交通规划与评价在实施可持续发展战略过程中需要研究的问题，研究重点是轨道交通规划与评价方法体系和环境对策，研究了轨道交通规划目标的变化、轨道交通规划优化决策理论与方法、轨道交通规划中的环境影响评价、城市轨道交通网络的合理规划、城际轨道交通——客运专线/高速铁路线路基本走向的规划、轨道交通规划可持续发展的评价指标体系概念框架、轨道交通系统可持续发展的能力建设问题等，并通过实例验证了所建立的理论方法体系和模型体系；不仅进行了有关理论和方法的探讨，而且以面向实际应用为目标，开发了相应的软件系统，为轨道交     

我国钢铁行业清洁生产标准HJ/T189存在的问题与修订建议

2006年10月1日起实施的《清洁生产标准钢铁行业》(HJ/T189-2006)存在着一些不足之处,如不及时修订,将无法适应“十一五”期间钢铁工业的发展形势和清洁生产形势,在某种程度上还很容易对国内钢铁企业造成误导,而且会产生一些负面不良影响。根据目前我国钢铁工业的发展形势和国内外钢铁企业已经达到的实际清洁生产水平,就其存在的问题和今后的修订谈了一些看法。     

丽水市矿产资源产业必须走可持续发展之路

丽水市的优势自然资源之一是矿产资源。本文对丽水市境内的矿产资源的优势及开发现状进行了详尽分析。在此基础上提出如何开发利用好这一资源 ,走可持续发展道路的具体措施     

城市可持续发展的水资源约束分析

自然资源与环境的可持续性是城市可持续发展的基础。在城市化加速发展的过程中,资源提供了经济发展的动力,也天然地确定了城市经济发展的边界。随着城市化水平的不断提升,我国大部分城市中水资源的需求量急剧增大,供需矛盾日趋尖锐化。作为城市发展不可缺少资源之一的水资源已经成为制约城市可持续发展的重要因素之一。     

直面市场 竞争致胜

表面工程行业面临着激烈的市场竞争，本文从观念创新、技术领先、营销战略、品牌提升、创建学习型团队几个方面提出了一些值得关注的问题。只有直面市场才能竞争致胜。     

我国电力工业和发电技术未来发展趋势

传统工业化走的是通过高消耗追求经济数量增长和先污染后治理的道路。介绍在传统工业化面临严重危机的背景下,可持续发展战略和新型工业化的兴起和特点,充分体现了未来发展的要求。在分析、总结世界能源发展的经验和规律的同时,对未来世界能源发展进行了宏观预测。以科学发展观为指导,采用未来学的方法,结合我国国情、发展现状和近中期发展目标,对本世纪特别是21世纪前20a我国电力工业和发电技术趋势进行了初步探讨,对国家能源安全等问题进行讨论。