超空泡射弹尾拍运动流固耦合动力学响应研究

基于ANSYS软件和CFX软件的双向隐式交错迭代法对超空泡射弹尾拍运动过程中的流固耦合响应进行了研究,结构响应仿真采用有限元法、流场仿真采用分相流模型和SST湍流模型,重点比较分析了流固耦合作用对射弹运动姿态和流体动力的影响,给出了尾拍过程中弹体应力的变化规律.     

Impact Dynamics of Supercavitating Projectile with Fluid/Structure Interaction

As supercavitating projectiles move at high speed, the periodic impacts ("tail-slap") on the interior surface of the cavity generally occur due to disturbances. The interactions between the projectile and the water/cavity interface are the sources of structural vibrations, which affect the guidance of the vehicle and undermine the structural reliability. The Fluid/Structure Interaction calculation procedure of the tail-slaps of supercavitating projectile is established, and the dynamic behaviours of the projectile operating in tail-slap conditions with and without considering Fluid/Structure Interaction are obtained and compared. The responses of the projectile riding a reducing cavity are studied, and the effect of Fluid/Structure Interaction is also analyzed. The results show that the angular velocity of projectile increases as the body slowing down, and the amplitude of the elastic displacement response decreases at the beginning and increases when the cavity size is close to the diameter of the tail of projectile. The effect of Fluid/Structure Interaction reduces the amplitudes and frequencies of the impact loads and the vibration responses of the body, and when the speed is higher, the effect is more apparent.     

空化器形状对超空泡射弹尾拍运动影响的数值研究

为研究空化器形状对超空泡射弹尾拍航行时运动特性的影响,基于有限体积法和Mixture多相流模型,结合动网格技术构建了三维自由尾拍运动仿真模型,在两种长径比下比较了平头弹、凹口弹、锥头弹的尾拍运动特性,并分析了其水动力影响因素。结果表明:较小长径比下,平头弹可以保持运动稳定,凹口弹和锥头弹易失稳,主要是由于空化器产生的空泡尺寸差异导致其临界失稳攻角依次降低。较大长径比下,临界失稳攻角消失,三种头型射弹均能保持尾拍稳定,锥头弹在速度较高时以“单侧尾拍”保持稳定,速度降低后以“双侧尾拍”保持稳定,而平头弹和凹口弹始终以“双侧尾拍”保持稳定;锥头弹由于“单侧尾拍”会产生与初始扰动方向相反的垂直位移,而平头弹和凹口弹由于弹头升力产生与初始扰动方向相同的垂直位移。     

超空泡射弹尾拍结构动力学响应分析

超空泡射弹在运动过程中存在尾拍现象,导致结构发生振动,影响射弹的弹道稳定性,降低射弹结构的可靠性。该文建立了射弹无约束动力学方程,使用有限元法求解得到了超空泡射弹在尾拍载荷作用下的动力学响应,并对射弹的加固模型进行了分析,给出了环状加强筋个数、直径以及间距对降低射弹振幅效果的影响。研究结果表明:超空泡射弹在尾拍运动过程中转动周期和幅值随加强筋个数的增大而增大;射弹头部的弹性振动幅值随加强筋个数和直径的增大而减小,振动周期亦随加强筋个数的增大而减小;加强筋距离的减小,对于降低射弹中部振幅效果明显,但对射弹头部的振动几乎没有影响。