HIT prosthetic hand based on tendon-driven mechanism

An underactuated finger structure actuated by tendon-driven system is presented.Kinematics and static analysis of the finger is done,and the results indicate that the prosthetic finger structure is effective and feasible.Based on the design of finger,a prosthetic hand is designed.The hand is composed of 5 independent fingers and it looks more like humanoid.Its size is about 85% of an adult＇s hand and weights about 350 g.Except the thumb finger,each finger is actuated by one DC motor,gear head and a tendon,and has three curling/extension joints.The thumb finger which is different from other existing prostheses is a novel design scheme.The thumb finger has four joints including three curling/extension joints and a joint which is used to realize the motion of the thumb related to the palm,and these joints are also driven by one DC motor,harmonic drive and a tendon.The underactuation and adaptive curling/extension motion of the finger are realized by joint torsion springs.A high-powered chip of digital signal processing （DSP） is the main part of the electrical system which is used for the motors control,data collection,communication with external controlling source,and so on.To improve the reliability of the hand,structures and sensors are designed and made as simply as possible.The hand has strong manipulation capabilities that have been verified by finger motion and grasping tests and it can satisfy the daily operational needs and psychological needs of deformities.     

腱驱动假手手指运动及力分析

为优化多自由度假手的机械结构,降低其复杂性以及提高其可靠性,采用腱驱动方法实现假手单手 指的独立运动．腱驱动假手手指由驱动腱、钢丝轮、3个指节、3个关节及关节扭簧等构成,关节扭簧实现关节 的预紧和腱松弛后关节的回复运动．对弹簧刚度进行优化设计,实现腱驱动的手指各关节的顺序弯曲及手指 的大抓握．分析了手指抓取时各指节所受接触力与钢丝轮驱动力矩之间的关系．建立了手指的动力学模型, 得到手指的动力学方程．数值计算与仿真分析比较证明了理论计算的正确性,手指运动及抓握实验证明了该 种结构手指的可行性．腱驱动的假手手指具有零件少、结构简单、可靠性高等优点,为多自由度假手的研制提 供了有利条件     

肌腱驱动连续体/软体机器人控制策略

深入分析了为肌腱驱动连续体机器人开发的各种控制器,以作为肌腱驱动连续体机器人领域未来应用的参照．控制策略分为基于模型的控制和无模型控制,其中,基于模型的控制可分为静态控制、动态控制及几何运动学模型控制;而无模型控制是一个相对未知的领域,本文主要从无模型静态控制、无模型动态控制及无模型形状感知控制3个方面进行全面分析．最后,对基于模型和无模型的各种控制策略进行了综合评价,并对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望．     

Analysis of suitable geometrical parameters for designing a tendon-driven under-actuated mechanical finger

This study aims to optimize the geometrical parameters of an under-actuated mechanical finger by conducting a theoretical analysis of these parameters. The finger is actuated by a flexion tendon and an extension tendon. The considered parameters are the tendon guide positions with respect to the hinges. By applying such an optimization, the correct kinematical and dynamical behavior of the closing cycle of the finger can be obtained. The results of this study are useful for avoiding the snapthrough and the single joint hyperflexion, which are the two breakdowns most frequently observed during experimentation on prototypes. Diagrams are established to identify the optimum values for the tendon guides position of a finger with specified dimensions. The findings of this study can serve as guide for future finger design.     

基于抓持矩阵的二指多关节手抓持规划和丝传动设计

二指手的欠驱动手指,能够模仿人的拇指和中指,实现对不同物体的抓持并完成抓放的任务。针对一般物体,利用丝传动的欠驱动手能更好地模仿人的手指,从而实现两个手指对于物体的抓持,并完成抓放任务。利用抓持矩阵的方法,建立二指多关节手对物体有摩擦接触的抓持模型,并将抓持矩阵逐步向外扩展到手指的各个关节处,进而建立扩展抓持矩阵。利用接触点处抓持矩阵确定了一类平面物体抓持规划中接触点的位置应该满足的条件,并在最小力的原则下计算物体在不同的位姿下抓持力的大小。利用上述规划的接触点进行运动学反解,进而从联动关节处的抓持矩阵提取出欠驱动手指两个耦合关节力矩信息,得出丝传动的半径设计和反向弹簧设计的原则。利用扩展抓持矩阵求得力矩分量并用之验证此法与常规求法求得的力矩是等效的,从而验证此方法的正确性并对丝传动进行位置与力的计算。