Flexural behaviour of RC slabs strengthened with prestressed CFRP strips using different anchorage systems

The Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) technique using Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) has been commonly used to strengthen concrete structures in flexure. The use of prestressed CFRP material offers several advantages well-reported in the literature. Regardless of such as benefits, several studies on different topics are missing. The present work intends to contribute to the knowledge of two commercially available systems that differ on the type of anchorage: (i) the Mechanical Anchorage (MA), and (ii) the Gradient Anchorage (GA). For that purpose, an experimental program was carried out with twelve slabs monotonically tested under displacement control up to failure by using a four-point bending test configuration. The effect of type of anchorage system (MA and GA), prestrain level (0 and 0.4%), width (50 mm and 80 mm) and thickness (1.2 mm and 1.4 mm) of the CFRP laminate, and the surface preparation (grinded and sandblasted) on the flexural response were the main studied parameters. Better performance was observed for the slabs: (i) with prestressed laminates, (ii) for the MA system, and (iii) with sandblasted surface preparation.     

氦氖激光对人胚腱细胞生长分泌的影响

目的 阐明氦氖激光促进人胚腱细胞增殖及分泌胶原的机制。方法 将传代培养的人胚腱细胞分为对照组、照射1日组、照射3日组及照射5日组。在氦氖激光照射的不同时相点，分别测定细胞DNA含量，cAMP水平及胶原分泌量。结果 在氦氖激光作用早期（1－3日），细胞cAMP水平与DNA合成均呈明显升高（P＜0.05)，细胞内信使物质合成及细胞增殖加快，但胶原分泌无变化，而在氦氖激光作用晚期（3－5日），当cAMP水平及DNA合成都不再改变时，腱细胞分泌胶原量显著增加（P＜0.01)。结论 氦氖激光可能通过作用于cAMP蛋白激酶A信号转导系统，从而调控人胚腱细胞增殖及胶原分泌。提示临床应用氛氖激光促进肌腱愈合宜从早期开始，并且需要照射足够长的时间。     

Modelling of fatigue damage progression and life of CFRP laminates

A progressive fatigue damage model has been developed for predicting damage accumulation and life of carbon fibre‐reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates with arbitrary geometry and stacking sequence subjected to constant amplitude cyclic loading. The model comprises the components of stress analysis, fatigue failure analysis and fatigue material property degradation. Stress analysis of the composite laminate was performed by creating a three‐dimensional finite element model in the ANSYS FE code. Fatigue failure analysis was performed by using a set of Hashin‐type failure criteria and the Ye‐delamination criterion. Two types of material property degradations on the basis of element stiffness and strength were applied: a sudden degradation because of sudden failure detected by the fatigue failure criteria and a gradual degradation because of the nature of cyclic loading, which is driven by the increased number of cycles. The gradual degradation of the composite material was modelled by using functions relating the residual stiffness and residual strength of the laminate to the number of cycles. All model components have been programmed in the ANSYS FE code in order to create a user‐friendly macro‐routine. The model has been applied in two different quasi‐isotropic CFRP laminates subjected to tension–compression (T–C) fatigue and the predictions of fatigue life and damage accumulation as a function of the number of cycles were compared with experimental data available in the literature. A very good agreement was obtained.     

Two-stage fatigue loading of woven carbon fibre reinforced laminates

A brief review of the models used to predict the cumulative fatigue damage in FRP composites is presented. Two‐stage fatigue loading of a [0/90,± 45₂,0/90]_s quasi‐ isotropic woven carbon fibre/epoxy resin laminate was evaluated at stress ratio R = 0.05 and the failure mechanisms investigated using x‐radiography after each loading stage. The results are presented in terms of fatigue strength and damage growth and are compared with those in the literature. A low‐to‐high loading sequence is more damaging than a high‐to‐low one and the Palmgren‐Miner linear damage rule may no longer be valid for this kind of material, as previously reported.     

热膨胀硅橡胶在复合材料成型工艺中的应用

简要介绍了热膨胀硅橡胶的性能和特点,热膨胀模成型工艺的原理,并应用其研制了复合材料制件。热膨胀硅橡胶适于制造热膨胀芯模。     

大直径筒仓中无粘结预应力混凝土结构的应用

大直径混凝土筒仓采用普通钢筋混凝土结构设计时，常常需要较大幅度地增加钢筋用量，有时甚至加大钢筋用量仍无法满足规范对裂缝宽度的要求。故采用无粘结预应力混凝土结构筒仓，可有效地控制裂缝的出现，并减小钢筋用量，取得了良好的效果。以工程实例对无粘结预应力混凝土结构筒仓的设计、施工作了介绍。     

碳纤维布胶接增强铝合金梁抗弯性能研究

铝合金作为一种高强轻质材料,其应用越来越广泛,但其弹性模量不足钢材的1/3,使铝合金梁容易在受弯过程中产生过大的变形而超出刚度设计标准.通过对3组6根不同形状和尺寸的、用CFRP材料增强铝合金试件梁进行抗弯性能试验,研究其变形和破坏特征,分析其强度、刚度的改善情况及影响其抗弯性能的因素.结果表明,用CFRP材料增强的铝合金梁,在弹性阶段其强度可提高31.2%～64.7%,刚度可提高7.8%～24.6%;至梁破坏时其强度可提高12.7%～43.6%,刚度可提高44.4%～71%.     

CFRP筋有粘结预应力混凝土梁弯矩-挠度关系计算

以碳纤维筋（CFRP筋）有粘结预应力混凝土简支梁三分点加载时的情况为例,在假定双线性的弯矩-曲率关系成立的前提下,给出了其弯矩-挠度关系的建议计算方法。采用此法进行了计算并做了试验。计算结果与试验结果吻合情况良好。     

CFRP索和钢索斜拉桥地震响应分析与抗震验算

为了研究碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）索和钢索斜拉桥在地震响应和抗震性能方面的差异,以苏通长江公路大桥为参考建立了有限元动力学模型。采用等轴向刚度准则进行钢索和CFRP索的替换,利用时程分析法比较了不同索斜拉桥的地震响应值,并进行了抗震验算和评价。结果表明：相对钢索斜拉桥,CFRP索斜拉桥的自振频率有明显提高,位移和内力地震响应值减小,响应衰减较快,且抗震性能优势明显,其原因是CFRP索斜拉桥自重轻、索桥耦合振动的概率小、索的材料阻尼大等;所得结论可为CFRP索在大跨斜拉桥中的应用提供参考。