电冰箱压缩机过载保护器匹配试验研究

过载保护器是避免压缩机电机烧毁的一个关键部件。本文阐述了过载保护器的匹配试验方法 ,并成功运用于 CFCs替代工质新产品的开发之中。     

Long-term measurements of the concentrations of halocarbons in an urban area of Kraków, Poland

The results of the measurements of the concentrations of freons (F-11 and F-113), chloroform (CHCl₃), trichloroethane (CH₃CCl₃) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in air are presented. The data concern concentration measurements that have been conducted in Krakow since half way through 1997 to the end of 1999. The mean monthly values of these concentrations have been compared with the data from Mace Head, the station situated at a similar longitude as Krakow. It has been concluded that, in the observed period of time, the concentrations of the pollutants in Krakow are higher than in Mace Head. The mean monthly concentrations of F-11 and CCl₄ decrease in Krakow faster than in Mace Head (2.5 and 3.3 times, respectively). The concentrations of CHCl₃ and CH₃CCl₃ decrease at both locations, but the change is greater in Krakow. In Krakow, the observed increase of F-113 is 0.13 ppt/month and has an opposite trend than in the same period at Mace Head.     

统计学方法在工质替代研究中的应用

通过引入统计学中的"距离"概念和相似性评价方法,有效地提高了替代工质研究中替代物初选过程的工作效率并避免遗漏.选取临界压力Pc、临界温度Tc和正常沸点Tb作为特征参数,进行了R22、R12、R11、R13和R114替代工质的初选,结果中不仅包含了全部已公开的各类替代物,还给出了一些新的醚类替代物.研究还表明,同分异构体之间具有很强的相似性,R12与R22间的相似性也较好.     

CFC research programmes in Western Europe

The structure of CFC use in Western Europe is different from that in the USA and Japan, with the highest percentage use of CFCs in Europe in aerosols. The use of CFCs in automotive air conditioning in the EEC is much less than elsewhere and this, together with the fact that R-12 and R-22 already have similar market shares, means that the refrigeration industry in Western Europe will not be as greatly affected by CFC reduction as elsewhere. More stringent reduction programmes than those imposed by the Montreal Protocol are in force in most Western European countries, to some extent due to consumer and environmental pressure group influences. Some countries, especially in Scandinavia, are introducing additional legislation to restrict CFC use. The strongest stand has been taken by the Federal Republic of Germany, which requires a 95% reduction in CFC use by 1995, with a voluntary ban from 1992. This paper discusses in detail European research programmes into CFC replacements. Many projects have been proposed, including work on refrigerants [fundamentals (four projects), thermophysical properties (18 projects) and lubricants and materials (five projects)] and cycles and components (17 projects).     

A comparative performance study of CFC502, HCFC22 and HFC125

In the paper, the performance of HFC125 as an alternative to CFC502 and R22 is assessed under different operating conditions. Cycle characteristics, such as the thermal capacity, coefficient of performance, pressure ratio, system pressures, temperatures, and compressor power are also discussed. Results obtained after extensive detailed experimental work indicate that the performance is degraded on using HFC125, relative to that obtained with HCFC22.     

Estimation of viscosity and thermal conductivity of R142b and R152a

In this paper the viscosity and thermal conductivity of both the liquid and vapour for the refrigerants R152a and R142b have been estimated and presented. Available properties of liquid thermal conductivity of R142b and R152a and the liquid viscosity of R152a are compared with the estimated values. It is found that the agreement is good. Transport properties of R142b, which is a potential replacement for R114 in medium temperature heat pump applications, is compared with that of R114. Also, the properties of R152a, which is considered as a possible replacement of R12 in refrigeration and low-temperature heat pump applications, is compared with the properties of the other possible replacement of R134a.     

Adsorption equilibria of chloropentafluoroethane on activated carbon powder

An equilibrium study was conducted on the adsorption of chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115, CF₃CF₂Cl) on activated carbon powder between 298.15 K and 373.15 K. Experimental data were fitted with several isotherm equations. Among the twoparameter equations, the BET equation showed the best results over the entire relative pressure range studied. When the pressure range was divided into two regions, a better result was obtained by applying the Langmuir equation in the lower pressure range and the BET equation in the higher relative pressure region. Among the threeparameter equations, the Langmuir-Freundlich equation gave better results than the RedrichPeterson equation. The isosteric heat of adsorption of CFC-115 on the activated carbon powder was estimated. It was found to have the same order of magnitude with the heat of condensation, which indicates that the adsorption was primarily due to physical forces.     

HFC152a/HFC32液相混合物比热容的测量

引言HFC152a／HFC32混合物是制冷剂CFC12替代物之一,文献［l]对它的热物性及循环特性进行了较全面的研究,本文报道该混合工质定压比热容的实验测量结果．根据文献[1]对家用冰箱的综合要求分析,选用质量组成为92％的HFC152a和8％的HFC32．实验样品均为国产,其中HFC152a的纯度为99．95％,HFC32的纯度为99．95％．新测结果可用于换热器的设计和实验,并可检验和修正有关的状态方程,以满足制冷循环计算和设计需要．实验所用的设备为作者参考国外同类装置［2～4]建立的流动型高压液体及其混合物定压比热容测量装置．该装置测量精…     

CFCs替代工质R134a在水平管束外池沸腾传热

研究了替代工质Ｒ１３４ａ在沸腾温度为３０４．８Ｋ时,在光滑管管束和机械表面多孔管管束外的池沸腾换热性能,并探讨了其换热机理。研究结果表明,Ｒ１３４ａ在光滑管管束外的池沸腾存在明显的管束效应,而在机械加工表面多孔管管束外沸腾无管束效应出现,在相同热流密度下管束的各排管的沸腾传热系数均低于其单管值。     

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION WITH R22/R124/R152a REFRIGERANT

In this paper, the performance of vapour compression refrigeration with R22/R124/R152a as the refrigerant is presented. A mathematical model of the system characteristics is developed and the simulated results agreed quite well with those of the experiments. The model was also used to analyse the most suitable composition of the refrigerant. It was found that the required composition was obtained when the mass fraction of R22 was in the range 0.2–0.4. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.