High-density polyethylene membranes embedded with carboxylated and polyethylene glycol-grafted nanodiamond to be used in membrane bioreactors

In this work, neat and modified nanodiamond (ND) particles were embedded into high-density polyethylene (HDPE) membranes to improve hydrophilicity and antifouling properties. The membranes were prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method and used for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment in membrane bioreactors (MBR) system. To prevent the agglomeration of ND, it was modified using two methods: thermal carboxylation (ND-COOH) and grafting with polyethylene glycol (ND-PEG). Membranes with different concentration of ND-COOH and ND-PEG nanoparticles ranging from 0.00 to 1.00 wt % were prepared and characterized using a set of analyses including water contact angle, pure water flux, tensile strength, differential scanning calorimeter, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was found that the optimum contents of ND-COOH and ND-PEG nanoparticles were 0.50 wt % and 0.75 wt %, respectively. The interfacial interaction between nanoparticles and HDPE matrix was studied based on Pukanzsky model. To examine the performance of membranes, critical flux, filtration experiment in the MBR, and fouling analysis of membranes were carried out. The results showed that among the fabricated membranes, 0.75 wt % HDPE/ND-PEG membrane had the highest water flux and the best antifouling properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47914.     

Surface electronic structure of detonation nanodiamonds after oxidative treatment

X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been used for comparative study of electronic structure of detonation nanodiamonds (ND) purified using different oxidative treatments. The treatment of detonation soot with a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids followed by ion exchange and ultrafiltration of hydrosol obtained was found to result in developing of ND surface coverage consisting of oxidized carbon species, which electronic state is close to that of strongly oxidized graphite. The deeper purification of ND was demonstrated to allow cleaning of ND particles from most of the oxidized carbon contaminations.     

Surface modification of nanodiamond in aqueous medium

1　INTRODUCTIONTheresearchandpracticeofnanodiamond (dia mondofnano scale ,insomearticlesultrafinedia mond (UFD )orultradisperseddiamond (UDD )iscalled)synthesishasstartedbothintheUnitedStatesandtheformerUSSRinearlier 1980s[1,2 ] .Afterthat,reportsabouttheresearchandsynthesisofthisnano scalematerialpresentthemselvescontinuously .TheproductsofthiskindcomeforthinJapan ,Ger many ,GreatBritainandFranceaswell[3,4 ] .Scien tistsinlandhavealsoshowntheirinterestandinten sivestudieshavealsob…     

纳米金刚石的应用

纳米金刚石不仅具有金刚石所固有优异特性，而且还具有纳米材料所拥有的奇异性能。正是这些综合技术特性，使得它在传统的和新的技术领域中得到应用，并初见成效，本文从超精抛光、润滑、复合镀、磁性录音系统和医疗等方面的应用做了扼要的叙述，指出，纳米金刚石颗粒具有球形和准球形的特点，使得摩擦表面形成滚珠轴承效应，而表现出良好的润滑性，从而避免于摩现象的发生，而对一些主要因接触疲劳或高温磨损而失效的工件，纳米金刚石金属的复合涂层，则具有明显的优越性。     

WELL-DISPERSED NANODIAMOND AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS——PREPARATION,PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS

1　INTRODUCTIONAsitwassynthesizedundertheconditionofhightemperatureandhighpressure ,andowingtothecommoncharacteristicsoffinedimensionandhighsurfaceenergyofnanoscaledparticles ,nanodiamond (ND )preparedbydetonationexplosioncaneasilyformstrongaggregates WhenNDpowderwasaddedinaqueousmedia ,obviousaggregationandsedimentationcanbeobserved ,whichimpairsitscharacteristicsasananometerparticle ,andthushindereditsapplication Inthiscase ,stabledispersionofNDinaqueousmediaisofgreatimportance[1 4 ] …     

Onion-like carbon synthesis by annealing nanodiamond at lower temperature and vacuum

The onion-like carbon (OLC) was synthesised by annealing the nanodiamond fabricated by detonation for 1?h at the temperature of 1150°C in the low vacuum of 2?Pa. The OLC particles were characterised using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) for observing its microstructure, an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) for determining its crystal structure and component, and a Raman spectrometer for confirming its content. The results showed that the OLC particles exhibited similar shape to that of the original nanodiamond particles. The average size of the OLC was found to be approximately 5?nm. The transformation mechanism of the OLC from the nanodiamond by annealing at lower temperature and lower vacuum was also discussed.     

纳米金刚石膜的成核及生长特性研究

采用直流等离子体喷射化学气相沉积(DC arc pla sma jet)系统制备了纳米金刚石膜(NCD),研究了不同的金刚石成核剂溶液对NCD 膜的成核及生长的影响。研究表明,在成核剂溶液中添加二甲基亚砜(DMSO)后成核密度明显 得到提高,而 且制备的NCD膜晶粒分布均匀、致密。当金刚石粉体作为成核剂时,随着其粒径 的增大,NCD膜成核密度下降,晶粒的尺寸均匀性也变差,而粒径为5nm的金刚石纳米粒 子作为成核剂时,NCD膜晶粒间结合致密、颗粒分布均匀。最后,选择5nm的金刚石纳米 粒子和丙酮/DMSO配制的分散液作为成核剂配方,经过60min的生长 ,制备了粒径为50～70 nm的结晶性和品质良好的NCD膜,适用于高频声表面波(SAW)器件及各种光学窗口的研制。     

纳米金刚石分散方法研究进展

纳米金刚石具有金刚石和纳米材料的双重特性,由于心部–表面的sp3/sp2杂化结构以及丰富的表面悬键和官能团,使其在研磨抛光、减磨润滑、复合材料强化、药物载体、荧光吸收等领域有着广阔的应用前景。纳米金刚石多以数百纳米尺度的颗粒团聚,需要采用各种手段和方法分散至不同的液相体系中加以应用。本文对国内外纳米金刚石分散方法进行了总结,研究和分析了机械法、无机化学法、高能量场处理法以及表面有机化学改性法等分散手段的原理及特点。     

超声波以及分散剂对纳米金刚石在水性介质中分散行为的影响

研究了不同的超声波时间和分散剂对纳米金刚石颗粒分散性能的影响。分别使用相同的超声波功率不同的超声波时间,以及在相同的超声波时间及功率下使用不同的分散剂对纳米金刚石的分散行为进行研究。实验结果表明:随着超声波时间的延长,纳米金刚石抛光液中磨料平均粒径有明显下降趋势。不同的分散剂对纳米金刚石分散的效果不同。实现纳米金刚石颗粒的分散需要机械力和化学力的双重作用。在超声波功率为650 W,超声时间240min,加入分散剂STH可以得到一个平均粒径为167.4nm的稳定的纳米金刚石分散体系。