值得关注的四川稀土产业

省委、省政府多年来要求把四川的资源优势转化为经济优势，要依靠科学技术形成四川的特色产业并尽快作大作强，以求经济的跨越式发展。四川的稀土就是可能作大作强的优势和特色资源之一。上一届科技顾问团也为此作过专题研究。     

Spin Dependent Hopping in Ti Doped La0.67 Ca0.33 MnO3

A systematic investigation of the magnetic and transport properties of Ti doped La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 was reported. The Ti substitution for Mn ions results in a reduction in ferromagnetism and conductivity. The metal-insulator transition temperature is close to Curie temperature which decreases from 274 to 82 K as x increases from 0 to 0.17. The most important effect of Ti doping is to introduce spin clusters in the samples due to the distortion of local lattice and the inhomogeneous magnetic structure induced primarily by the random distribution of Mn ions. A maximum magnetoresistance ratio as large as 90% in 1 T at 122 K was obtained for the sample with x =0. 055, which is four times larger than that obtained for LCMO sample at 272 K. There is a remarkable field-history dependent MR in the cooling process for the doped samples while such phenomenon disappears in the warming run. The resistivity follows well the variable range hopping behavior in paramagnetic state. Both the size effect and spin dependent hopping of carriers between the spin clusters should be considered in this system.     

Thermal Expansion Behavior of La1—xSrxMn1—yCoyO3—δ Perovskites

The thermal expansion behavior of La1-xSrxMn1-yCoyO3-δ (x=0.2-0.4, y=0.1-0.3) perovskites in air has been investigated. The average linear thermal expansion coefficients increased with increasing Sr content up to 40 mole fraction or Co content up to 30 mole fraction. The expansion is generally attributed to an increase in the average cation radius as some of the cations in the perovskite are reduced in valence when oxygen ions are removed from the structure.     

Lattice Effects and Irreversible Magnetoresistance in Gd Doped La—Ca—Mn—O

The Gd substituting effects for La in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 has been studied .With increasing the substituting amount of Gd,the phase transition temperature of metal-isolator for the samples decreases,the corresponding peak resistivity increases,the Curie temperature decreases monotonically.The substitution of La-Ca-Mn-O with 11% Gd for La improved the magnetoresistance ratio by an order of magnitude.The effects of substituting Gd can be explained in terms of the lattice effects.An irreversible MR behaviour was observed in Gd-substituting compounds.This effect became marked when the substituting amount of Gd was greater than 7%.A maximum irreversible increment of MR ratio as large as 91% was obtained when Gd substituting amount was 11%.     

镧系钙钛矿型氧化物（LaBO3）的催化氧化性能及其净化效果的研究

本文在气相色谱仪联用微反应器装置上,研究了LaBO_3型催化剂中的B位元素对催化氧化活性的影响规律,并进行了程序升温脱附实验。另外,还对LaBO_3型载体催化剂进行了活性筛选,并在柴油机台架上与贵金属Pt/Al_2O_3进行了有害气体净化效果的对比实验。实验结果表明,LaBO_3氧化物中LaMnO_3对CO、CH_4的催化氧化活性最高,且CO、CH_4活性中心并不一致。LaMnO_3/γ-Al_2O_3浸渍微量助化剂后,能使CO在130℃完全氧化,CH_4的氧化温度在300～500℃范围内,LaMnO_3载体催化剂对柴油机有害排放物的净化率很低,浸渍微量助化剂后,净化率提高一倍以上,特别是LaMnO_3/堇青石蜂窝陶瓷,浸渍后的净化效果同贵金属Pt/Al_2O_3接近。     

La—Al,Ce—Al合金的制备及La,Ce对纯铝组织和性能的影响

(一)实验部分 1.合金的制备 (1)合金制备原理铝在常规条件下很难将稀土化合物还原为金属。以往制备稀士铝合金都采用对掺法和电解法。在研究以铝为液态阴极制备稀土铝合金过程中,发现电流效率大于100％,因此考虑到在高温电解过程中,除了电化学作用外,还应伴有稀土离子的铝热还原作用。经过研究发现,稀土离子在高温条件下确实存在着铝热还原过程: RE~2O~3 含F~-络合剂→REOF~(n-)_x-REOF~(n-)_x Al→RE A1~(3 )络合态)     

Chemical States of Lanthanum in Carbonized La2O3-Mo Thermionic Cathode Materials

The chemical reaction between lanthanum oxide and molybdenum carbide was studied by thermodynamic calcu-lation, thermal analysis and in-situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The theoretical results show that at the environment allowing for the evaporation of lanthanum, such as in high vacuum, La2O3 in the La2O3-Mo materials can be reduced to metallic lanthanum by molybdenum carbide (Mo2C). To confirm the conclusion, many analysis methods such as XRD, SPS, and TG-DTA were taken. The experimental results show that the chemical state of lanthanum changes during heat-ing. It was proved, for the first time, that reacted metallic lanthanum appears at the surface of this kind of material at high temperature.     

氧化镧中放射性的去除——Ⅳ.P_(507)-HNO_3体系萃取法去除氧化镧中放射性的扩大试验

本文给出了在P_(507)-HNO_3体系中去除氧化镧中放射性的工艺流程及用混合澄清槽作为萃取设备,在上海跃龙化工厂完成的扩大试验结果。试验表明:α放射性、铁和钙的去污系数都大于1000,镧的回收率大于96％,产品中α放射性小于1计数/h,Fe_2O_3<5ppm,CaO<50ppm,达到了荧光级氧化镧的要求。该流程操作简便、设备简单、稳定性好,可以应用于工业生产。