A facile pathway to prepare molybdenum boride powder from molybdenum and boron carbide

Molybdenum boride is an ideal hard and wear-resistant material. In this study, a new method is proposed for preparing molybdenum boride, by which Mo first reacts with B₄C to generate the mixture of molybdenum boride and C, and then the product is decarburized by molten Ca to generate CaC₂. Pure molybdenum boride could be obtained after acid leaching to remove the by-product CaC₂. According to the experimental and thermodynamic calculation results, it is concluded that the single-phase MoB could be successfully prepared, while Mo₂B, Mo₂B₅, and MoB₄ could not be synthesized by this method. Moreover, it was found that the particle size of finally prepared MoB is determined by particle size of raw Mo powder. The residual carbon content of the product could be decreased to 0.10 wt% after first reaction at 1673 K for 6 hours and then decarburization reaction at 1673 K for 6 hours.     

Effect of residual excess carbon on the densification of ultra-fine HfC powder

The residual carbon content of ultra-fine hafnium carbide (HfC) powder was controlled by the optimization of the synthesis process, and the effect of residual carbon on the densification of HfC powder was analyzed. The amount of residual carbon in the HfC powder could be reduced by the de-agglomeration of HfO₂ powder before the carbo-thermal reduction (CTR) process. The average particle size of HfO₂ powder decreased from 230 to 130 nm after the de-agglomeration treatment. Ultra-fine (d₅₀: 110 nm) and highly pure (metal basis purity: >99.9 % except for Zr) HfC powder was obtained after the CTR at 1600 °C for 1 h using the C/Hf mixing ratio of 3.3. In contrast, the C/Hf ratio increased to 3.6 without the de-agglomeration treatment, indicating that a large amount of excess carbon was required for the complete reduction of the agglomerated HfO₂ particles. HfC ceramics with high relative density (>98 %) were obtained after spark plasma sintering at 2000 °C under 80 MPa pressure when using the HfC powder with low excess carbon content. In contrast, the densification did not complete at a higher temperature (2300 °C) and pressure (100 MPa) when the HfC powder contained a large amount of residual carbon. The results clearly indicated that residual carbon suppressed the densification of HfC powder in case the carbide powder had low oxygen content, and the residual carbon content could be controlled by the optimization of the synthesis process. The average grain size and Vickers hardness of the sintered specimen were 6.7(±0.7) μm and 19.6 GPa, respectively.     

A first-principles investigation on mechanical and metallic properties of titanium carbides under pressure

The titanium carbides are potential candidates to achieve both high hardness and refractory property. We carried out a structural search for titanium carbides at three pressures of 0 GPa, 30 GPa and 50 GPa. A phase diagram of the Ti-C system at 0 K was obtained by elucidating formation enthalpies as a function of compositions, and their mechanical and metallic properties of titanium carbides were investigated systematically. We also discussed the relation of titanium concentration to the both mechanical and metallic properties of titanium carbides. It has been found that the average valence electron density and tractility improved at higher concentrations of titanium, while the degree of covalent bonding directionality decreased. To this effect, the hardness of titanium carbide decreases as the content of titanium increases. Our results indicated that the titanium content significantly affected the metallic properties of the Ti-C system.     

预处理工艺对硬质合金与金刚石膜间粘结力的影响

在两种经不同预处理的硬质合金YG8基底上，采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法，在微波功率2kW，压强4.0kPa和6.5kPa，CH4和H2流量分别为1.6cm/s和100.0cm/s的条件下生长金刚石薄膜。利用X射线衍射检测了金刚石薄膜是否存在，用拉曼光谱分析了薄膜的质量，用金相显微镜观察了薄膜的洛氏硬度压痕，标定并比较了不同预处理工艺膜与基底的结合力。实验结果表明，不同的预处理方法对于粘结力的影响不大，最主要的因素是钴含量的多少。     

共晶碳化物团球化对铸铁激光熔敷层抗裂性的影响

为提高铸铁表面大面积激光熔敷层抗裂性问题，通过冶金因元素控制熔敷层组织形态在熔敷材料中加入碱金属元素钾，研究了在激光快速加热条件下钾对铸铁激光熔敷层组织团球化的影响，进而分析了该球状组织对熔敷层抗裂性的影响，结果表明随熔敷金属内钾含量增多熔敷层内共晶碳化物组织呈球状及孤岛状，这种组织明显提高了熔敷层抗裂性，此外大量的渗碳体组织确保了熔敷层具有较高的耐磨性；获得了无裂纹的大面积搭接熔敷层，其对应合金系统为Fe-C-Si-Ni-K。     

高速钢高温形变诱发析出的研究

本文探讨了高速钢在高温形变过程中碳化物析出的行为及奥氏体组织状态对析出的影响。用透射电镜和扫描电镜分析了不同热处理状态奥氏体的组织结构,分析了高温形变过程中碳化物析出的部位,颗粒尺寸及形态。试验表明, 碳化物主要在奥氏体的缺陷处呈点状和点列状析出,大小为20mμ。处于回复状态的奥氏体缺陷诱发碳化物析出,析出碳化物钉札缺陷阻止再结晶进行。当再结晶驱动力较大时,由于动态再结晶充分发展,使缺陷大量消除,碳化物析出显著地减少。     

过渡金属碳化物的催化研究进展

过渡金属碳化物作为一种催化新材料得到了人们广泛的关注,在催化加氢、脱氢、脱硫(HDS)、脱氮(HDN)和重整等方面,表现出优良的催化活性和选择性.综述了碳化钒、碳化钼、碳化钨、碳化铁、碳化钛等碳化物的催化性能和碳化物在各个反应中的催化机理的研究进展.     

钼对渗碳过程中碳化物形态的影响

通过萃取复型观察和对衍射花样的标定，研究了深层渗碳过程中析出碳化物的形态和分布。实验结果表明：渗碳过程中析出的形态较好的碳化物，象点状、球状和椭球状碳化物均为钼的碳化物；而形态较差的针状、网状则为（Cr、Fe）7C3和（Fe，M）3C。并对其形成机理进行了初步探讨。     

Combustion synthesis of NbC/ZrO2 composites: Influence of Cr additives on the microstructure and mechanical properties

Composites of NbC/ZrO₂ reinforced with different weight ratios of Cr metal were prepared by dynamic compaction combustion from a blend of Nb₂O₅–Zr–Cr powders. Factors controlling the synthesis process, the microstructure, and the mechanical properties of the samples, such as Cr wt% and the compression loads were studied. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, porosity, and hardness measurements. The porosity value of the sample with no additives was high and reached 31.6 vol%. A sudden decrease in the sample porosity to 2.4 vol % was noticed for the sample containing 3.0 wt% of Cr. A high-density sample with less than 2.0 vol % porosity and maximum hardness of 1038 HV was produced using 5.0 wt% Cr under 300 MPa compression load. Detailed thermodynamic calculations for the effect of Cr additives on the physicochemical properties of the system were introduced.     

Microstructure and properties of WC-8Co cemented carbides prepared by multiple spark plasma sintering

In this study, WC-8Co cemented carbides were prepared by spark plasma sintering. When the samples sintered at 1300℃ were cooled to room temperature, the samples were sintered multiple times at 1250℃. The changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-8Co cemented carbides prepared by multiple spark plasma sintering were studied. The hardness of cemented carbides increased in the first two sintering, reaching 16.5 GPa. However, the hardness decreased seriously in the last two sintering. The attenuation rates of hardness were 6.2% and 2.5% due to the abnormal coarse grains. Furthermore, the crack path along the grain boundary was almost straight, causing a decrease in the indentation fracture toughness of cemented carbides. Additionally, the grains of cemented carbides were abnormally coarsened, and the morphologies of grains became unstable due to multiple sintering.