面向老龄化社会的产品服务系统设计赋能

目的 针对面向老龄化社会的产品及产品服务系统设计,将赋能的设计理念和价值引入其中,探索设计结果提升老年人能动性和参与性的赋能品质,为设计师开展设计赋能实践提供参考.方法 以设计教学中的学生设计方案作为研究材料,邀请设计研究者参与工作坊,对设计结果的赋能属性进行分析,并通过聚类获得类别化的设计属性,产生了能描述赋能品质的属性词汇表.结果 总结了包含5组形容词组的设计赋能品质集,这一集合包含"顺应性"和"激励性"两个面向.结论 研究结果为设计师进行老龄化设计提供了知识参考,有助于提升设计师的赋能意识.揭示了设计赋能充满矛盾性的品质,提出面向老龄化的设计赋能需要在"顺应"和"激励"之间找到平衡.     

What results when firms implement practices: The differential relationship between specific practices, firm financial performance, customer service, and quality.

Previous research on organizational practices is replete with contradictory evidence regarding their effects. Here, the authors argue that these contradictory findings may have occurred because researchers have often examined complex practice combinations and have failed to investigate a broad variety of firm-level outcomes. Thus, past research may obscure important differential effects of specific practices on specific firm-level outcomes. Extending this research, the authors develop hypotheses about the effects of practices that (a) enable information sharing, (b) set boundaries, and (c) enable teams on 3 different firm-level outcomes: financial performance, customer service, and quality. Relationships are tested in a sample of observations from over 200 Fortune 1000 firms. Results indicate that information-sharing practices were positively related to financial performance 1 year following implementation of the practices, boundary-setting practices were positively related to firm-level customer service, and team-enabling practices were related to firm-level quality. No single set of practices predicted all 3 firm-level outcomes, indicating practice-specific effects. These findings help resolve the theoretical tension in the literature regarding the effects of organizational practices and offer guidance as to how to best target practices to increase specific work-related outcomes. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于传递原理的稠油热驱机理研究

运用传递基本原理,以热驱域势场做研究载体,采用寻求"统一评价判据",解析"过程动态特性"的研究思路,在构建以驱动和驱抗势场为主体的热驱模型基础上,确认驱动(功)即是评价各势场作用的统一判据;运用传递分析揭示参与势场的动力特性与阻力特性,研究其协同作用机制;定义并运用场阻影响因子,以判别诸势场在驱油过程中的影响权重.     

波箔气体轴承温度场计算与动静态性能分析

为计算波箔轴承的温度场分布,研究轴承的热特性,推导了考虑外部冷却条件时的平箔片内表面等效对流换热系数,将箔片一侧的导热换热模型耦合到气膜三维能量传递模型中.建立轴承套、转子的导热与对流换热模型,耦合求解非等温Reynolds方程、气膜能量传递方程、箔片变形方程.计算并分析轴承转速、载荷、外部冷却气流等因素对轴承温度的影响,分析了轴承的静动态性能.结果表明:转速对轴承温度影响很大,温度随载荷变化不大,冷却空气的冷却效率随流量增大逐渐降低.与等温条件相比,非等温模型的轴承承载能力较大,且具有较大的动态刚度与阻尼.     

Numerical analysis of stability for mined-out area in multi-field coupling

There were differences between real boundary and blast hole controlling boundary of irregular mined-out area in underground metal mines. There were errors in numerical analysis of stability for goaf, if it was analyzed as regular 3D mined-out area and the influence of coupling stress-seepage-disturbance was not considered adequately. Taking a lead zinc mine as the background, the model was built by the coupling of Surpac and Midas-Gts based on the goaf model precisely measured by CMS.According to seepage stress fundamental equations based on the equivalent continuum mechanical and the theory about equivalent load of dynamic disturbance in deep-hole blasting, the stability of mined-out area under multi-field coupling of stress-seepage-dynamic disturbance was numerically analyzed. The results show that it is more consistent between the numerical analysis model based on the real model of irregular 3D shape goaf and the real situation, which could faithfully reappear the change rule of stress–strain about the surrounding rock under synthetic action of blasting dynamic loading and the seepage pressure. The mined-out area multi-field coupling formed by blasting excavation is stable. Based on combination of the advantages of the CMS,Surpac and Midas-Gts, and fully consideration of the effects of multi-field coupling, the accurate and effective way could be provided for numerical analysis of stability for mined-out area.     

基于云模型的灾难恢复能力评价方法研究

鉴于现有灾难恢复能力评价体系对动态指标的考虑不足,不能全面地反映现实系统,评价方法未对系统的整体稳定性做分析且权重计算偏于主观,易受人为因素影响等情况,构建了一套新的灾难恢复能力评估体系和评价方法。提炼归纳了体现灾难恢复能力的综合性动态指标,丰富了指标体系。引入云理论,提出了基于正态分布区间数的指标评价值规范化方法和改进的G1-熵权法的综合赋权模型,最终得出了系统灾难恢复能力的云模型表示方法,完成了定性到定量的转换。通过实例仿真验证了该方法的可行性。     

适用于直流断路器的大电流快速开关分闸特性

快速开关分闸稳定性是影响直流断路器开断性能的关键要素。文中对大电流快速开关的双弹簧永磁操动和电磁斥力双动机构的分闸过程,用有限元方法进行电磁、热和位移等多物理场耦合计算,分析了永磁操动机构驱动线圈是否有必要投入以及不同驱动线圈电流对双动机构分闸特性的影响。结果表明：在永磁操动机构驱动线圈投入的情况下,可提前将永磁吸力抵消,进而避免电磁斥力因做功时间较短而引起分闸回弹现象;由于分闸初期电磁斥力非常大,永磁操动机构驱动线圈的投入对分闸初期的速度影响较小;在电磁斥力消失后,永磁操动机构驱动线圈电流在一定范围内越大,到达额定开距的速度越大,为避免其造成分闸反弹,应合理选择驱动线圈电流值。将仿真结果与实际样机分闸特性曲线进行对比,二者具有较好的一致性,验证了仿真方法的正确性。     

GaN压电半导体杆的非线性动态响应研究

利用有限元分析方法,研究了p型GaN压电半导体杆在简谐力作用下的拉伸振动问题,得到了位移、电势和空穴浓度非线性动态响应的数值解,并分析了简谐力对p型GaN压电半导体杆力电耦合性能的调控作用。研究结果表明,简谐力显著地影响压电半导体杆内力电场的分布情况:由于电流密度中的电非线性项,电场和空穴浓度的分布失去对称性或反对称性;力电场在简谐力驱动下表现为周期性变化,但空穴浓度的动态响应表现为明显的非对称波动。     

SAPTIS：结构多场仿真与非线性分析软件 开发及应用（之一）

介绍大型结构多场仿真与非线性分析软件SAPTIS,包括软件中所采用的单元类型、方程求解方法、大坝全过程仿真的开挖浇筑模拟方法、水化热模型、通水冷却模型、温度边界条件、弹性模量模型、徐变度模型、自生体积变形以及掺MgO混凝土特性等,还给出了分析结果表达方式。该软件已成功应用于三峡、二滩、龙滩、小湾、溪洛渡、锦屏、丹江口等四十余个大中型水利水电工程的混凝土坝和其他结构温度场、应力场仿真分析、温控防裂和大坝真实工作性态研究,取得了良好的经济效益。应用成果表明,SAPTIS采用的计算模型能正确反映混凝土材料的热学特性、混凝土结构的应力和变形特性,具有计算速度快、计算规模大、结果精度高等优点。     

碳纳米管薄膜气流热电发电机性能测试分析

基于碳纳米管薄膜的热电特性,设计了一种新型的薄膜式气流热电发电机。当热气流在碳纳米管薄膜材料表面流动时,在薄膜平面内形成温度梯度,通过塞贝克效应将热能直接转换为电能。利用浮动催化化学气相沉积法制备了导电性较好的透明碳纳米管薄膜,建立了气流热电发电机实验模型,对其输出电压进行了测试。实验表明:与传统的固定热源热电发电机相比,该气流热电发电机的输出电压较高。提出了集流体动力、流固耦合换热、热电效应于一体的多物理场耦合发电机制,对该实验结果进行了解释。碳纳米管薄膜气流热电发电机容易集成加工,可解决微光机电系统的电源问题,具有广阔的应用前景和实用价值。