热解碳织构的研究进展

对热解碳织构的类型、沉积机理以及与工艺参数的关系等研究情况进行了简要综述。     

热解炭微观结构对炭/炭复合材料力学性能的影响

以PAN基针刺纤维毡为基体,采用等温化学气相渗透技术,在温度1000℃、压力5.0~20.0 kPa条件下制备了2种具有不同微观结构热解炭的炭/炭复合材料,研究了其力学性能与热解炭微观结构的关系. 结果表明,压力8.0 kPa下得到的具有单一低织构热解炭的炭/炭复合材料的断裂强度较高,为86±3 MPa,热解炭与炭纤维间界面结合紧密,加载过程中二者同时断裂,呈现明显的脆性断裂行为;压力10.0~20.0 kPa下得到的具有中织构-高织构-中织构热解炭的炭/炭复合材料的断裂强度稍低,为82±4 MPa,加载过程中材料内部不同织构热解炭间多层次界面通过改变裂纹扩展路径而延缓其扩展速度,断口形貌呈现锯齿状,表现出假塑性断裂特征.     

Fracture mechanism of 2D-C/C composites with pure smooth laminar pyrocarbon matrix under flexural loading

Using natural gas as carbon source, 2D needle felt as preform, 2D-C/C composites were prepared by thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration. Their microstructures were observed under polarized light microscope (PLM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the flexural behaviors before and after heat-treatment were studied with a universal mechanical testing machine. The fracture mechanism of the composites was discussed in detail. The results show that, carbon matrix exhibits pure smooth laminar (SL) characteristic including numerous wrinkled layered structures and some inter-laminar micro-cracks. With the decreasing density, the strength of the composites decreases and the toughness increases slightly; after 2500 °C heat-treatment, the inter-laminar micro-cracks in matrix increase, the strength decreases, and the toughness obviously increases. The fracture mode of the composites changes from brittle to pseudo-plastic characteristic due to more crack deflections in SL matrix.     

Considerations of Irradiation-Induced Transient Creep in Fuel Particle Modeling*

An analytical assessment is made of the potential effects of irradiation-induced transient creep on the behavior of the TRISO-coated fuel particles of the New Production Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (NP-MHTGR). An analytical solution is presented for the three-layer particles, which includes transient creep in addition to steady-state creep behavior. The solution allows for evaluating the effects that transient creep has on individual particle stresses and for determining failure probabilities for particle batches using the Monte Carlo approach. Because experimental data needed to determine parameters for a transient component in a creep model for the pyrocarbons is not available, a range of possible parameter values were considered in the assessments. It was shown that transient creep measurably affects particle stresses early in the irradiation life of the particle. At that time, the hoop stress in the primary load bearing layer of the particle is in compression and the article is not vulnerable to pressure vessel failure. Later in irradiation, the effects of transient creep were typically shown to be less significant. Thus, transient creep had less than an order of magnitude effect on batch failure probabilities for prototypical NP-MHTGR fuel particles and was much less significant than steady-state creep. Whether the presence of transient creep increased or decreased the particle failure probability was dependent on the specific values used for the transient creep material properties.     

丙烯化学气相沉积热解碳的原位动力学

以丙烯为气源,在800℃～1200℃进行化学气相沉积热解碳。研究了温度、压力和滞留时间对沉积速率和气相产物的影响。采用磁悬浮天平原位实时称量反应过程中的固相产物进行动力学研究;采用气相色谱和质谱联用半定量分析了反应过程中的气体产物。动力学研究结果表明, 800℃～1000℃内活化能为137 kJ/mol±25 kJ/mol,沉积过程为化学动力学控制;高于1000℃时,沉积行为由气相分子的传质和气相成核控制。压力和滞留时间对沉积速率的影响说明,热解碳是经过一系列气相反应和固体表面反应后获得。气相产物分析说明,不同控制机制时形成热解碳的主要物质不同。在此基础上提出了丙烯分解形成热解碳的机制。      

热解炭结构对C/C复合材料热物理性能影响

炭布叠层为预制体，采用等温CVI工艺制备出炭/炭（C/C）复合材料。通过调节丙烯与氢气的比例得到热解炭结构分别为粗糙层（RL），光滑层（SL），各向同性（ISO）的三种C/C复合材料，研究了热解炭组织结构对C/C复合材料热导率的影响，讨论了C/C复合材料的导热机理。结果表明：RL织构C/C复合材料的热导率无论是在平行方向还是在垂直方向上都明显高于SL和ISO织构C/C复合材料，在两个方向上，RL织构C/C复合材料的最大热导率比SL织构C/C复合材料分别大41.0%和31.7%，是ISO织构C/C复合材料的2倍多，且3种C/C复合材料的热导率随温度的升高呈现不同的变化趋势。     

HRTEMFringeAnalyzer a free python module for an automated analysis of fringe pattern in transmission electron micrographs

A python module (HRTEMFringeAnalyzer ) is reported to evaluate the local crystallinity of samples from high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images in a mostly automated fashion. The user only selects the size of a square analyser window and a step size which translates the window in the micrograph. Together they define the resolution of the results obtained. Regions where fringe patterns are visible are identified and their lattice spacing d and direction ? as well as the corresponding mean errors σ determined. is proportional to the coherence length of the structure, whereas is a measure of how well the direction of the fringes is defined. Maps of these four indicators are computed. The performance of the program is demonstrated on two very different samples: ill‐crystalline carbon deposits on a coked Ni/LFNO (reduced LaFe_0.8Ni_0.2O) catalyst and well‐crystallized nanoparticles of zinc doped ceria. In the latter case, the automatic segmentation of large aggregates into individual crystalline domains is achieved by ? maps.     

疏松碳涂层密度测量的图像法研究

研究采用图像分析技术测量包覆颗粒的疏松碳涂层密度,包括图像采集硬件和分析软件。通过对颗粒的实际测量和扫描电镜观察,对测量方法的可靠性进行了评价。在分析测量过程中不确定度主要来源的基础上,对不确定度分量及合成不确定度进行了计算。结果表明,本方法具有灵活方便、速度快、维护简单等特点,可直接用于包覆颗粒涂层性能评价。     

Micro-pleating in carbon-carbon composites under a cyclic load

As preferred high-temperature structural materials, the potential applications for C/C composites are bound to involve cyclic loads. Therefore a clear understanding of the behavior of these composites under cyclic loads and a proper evaluation of their fatigue life are necessary if they are to be used in applications subjected to fluctuating stresses. The cyclic fatigue behavior of C/C composites, however, has been overlooked until recently[1,2]. So far, except for few investigations on the …     

C/C复合材料CVI致密化过程及影响因素研究进展

综述了C/C复合材料CvI致密化过程中,气相反应、表面反应和扩散共同作用控制热解炭沉积的特点;讨论了沉积温度、气体压力、碳源气体种类、滞留时间、预制体等因素的影响.