Gas-phase selective oxidation of toluene on TiO2–sepiolite supported vanadium oxides: Influence of vanadium loading on conversion and product selectivities

Gas-phase selective oxidation of toluene has been carried out on vanadium oxide systems (5–20 wt.% of V₂O₅, equivalent to 0.4–1.7 theoretical monolayers) supported on TiO₂–sepiolite (with titania loading around the theoretical monolayer, 12 wt.%) and on sepiolite. A study has been made on both the influence of vanadia loading and of the support on the catalytic behaviour of the supported vanadium systems. The reducibility by H₂ TPR was also studied as well as the acid and basic/redox sites from the results of conversion of the 2-propanol test reaction of the solids. Benzaldehyde, benzoic acid and several coupling products were the main ones detected, attaining over 50% selectivity towards the benzaldehyde and benzoic acid products at a total conversion around 10%. The activity and selectivity to the selective products exhibited by vanadium systems supported on mixed support were superior to those exhibited by the systems supported on sepiolite and increased notably in both series with the increase in vanadium loading. The best catalytic behaviour exhibited by the vanadium systems supported on mixed support, which also exhibited the highest density of sites capable of being reduced (as well as their reducibility) and of those responsible for propanone formation, could be attributed not only to the different balance of the vanadia species existing in the two supports (monomeric + oligomeric/polymeric), but also to such other factors as the nature of the support and, concretely, its chemical composition.     

Ionomer composites based on sepiolite/hydrogenated poly(styrene butadiene) block copolymer systems

Ionomeric composites based on sepiolite and hydrogenated poly(styrene butadiene) block copolymer were obtained and characterized from a microstructural and electrical point of view. Before blending, because of the high silanol group concentration in the sepiolite, the latter could be organophilized with suitable coupling agents. The resulting materials were easily processed into thin films or membranes 0.2–0.4 mm thick, their conductivity in some cases approaching 10^?1 S/cm. Their suitability for film formation and good electrical properties indicate potential applications as electrolytes in polymer fuel cells. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3512–3519, 2002     

Catalytic properties of aluminated sepiolite in ethanol conversion

The aluminated sepiolite, obtained by alkaline treatment with KAlO₂, as well as the silver-exchanged aluminated sepiolite were tested in ethanol conversion. The reactions were performed at 280°C and with 50 Torr of ethanol in He. After the alumination through KA1O₂, ethanol dehydrogenation and ethanol dehydration resulted from the Lewis acidity. The dispersion of silver led to a bifunctional catalytic system and the overall catalytic activity and the selectivity towards the acetaldehyde production increased. As a result of the Prins reaction, a significant yield in butadiene was observed.     

过渡金属对Ru/海泡石催化剂加氢性能及表面性质的影响

用浸渍法制备了一系列含不同助剂Mo、Co、Mn、Cu、Zr等的Ru/海泡石催化剂，以CO₂及苯加氢为探针反应，以TPD和CS₂中毒为手段研究了助剂对Ru/海泡石催化剂加氢、反应物吸附及活化性能的影响。结果表明，助剂的加入显著地影响Ru/海泡石催化剂的催化活性，且随着反应分子的加大，这种影响随之增大；助剂对催化反应中反应物的吸附、活化过程的影响是其影响催化活性的重要原因。另外，结果还表明，助剂的加入还调整了Ru/海泡石催化剂的表面性能，但并没有改变活性中心的类型。     

纤维状海泡石对环氧树脂反应性的影响研究

使用海泡石制备环氧树脂纳米复合材料。采用胶化时间、热分析方法、红外光谱法研究纤维状海泡石对环氧树脂反应性的影响。用透射电镜观察海泡石的分散情况,通过力学性能的测试,研究海泡石对环氧树脂基体力学性能的影响。结果表明,海泡石对环氧树脂的工艺性没有影响,可使环氧树脂的力学性能大幅度提高。     

TiO2／海泡石光催化剂的制备及其对染料废水脱色效果的研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料,海泡石为载体,采用溶胶一凝胶法合成TiO2／海泡石光催化剂,经xRD分析表明,TiO2以锐钛矿型结构分布在海泡石表面．通过亚甲基蓝溶液降解脱色实验,检验了试样的光催化性．实验表明,200mL的浓度不大于20mg／L的亚甲基蓝溶液中,光催化剂投加量为2g时,光催化效果最好．催化反应在很短的时间内即能达到较高的脱色率,150min后的脱色率可达到96％以上．     

Lanthanum-Promoted Ru／Sepiolite in Ammonia Synthesis

Theiron basedcatalystsforammoniasynthesishavethecommonproblemsoflowefficiency ,highconsumptionofenergy ,strictrequirementforequip ment,andlowoperationflexibility ,etc .,anditishardtoradicallylowerenergyconsumptionbysimplyimprovingiron basedcatalystsproper…     

湖南浏阳永和海泡石作涂料添加剂的研究

该区出产的海泡石粘土呈灰白色，土质细腻，比重小，在水中不易受强电解质的影响，经粉碎和适当的漂白材料后加入涂料中，可明显改善涂料悬浮体系的稳定性，提高涂层的耐洗擦性和耐水性，与石灰膏配合使用，可制成成本与１０６涂料相当，而耐洗擦性大大优于１０６涂料的新内墙涂料，其耐洗擦性可达２０００次以上。     

The synergistic performance of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and sepiolite nanoclays as flame retardants for unsaturated polyester

The synergistic effect on the thermal decomposition and heat release rate (HRR) in particular the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin blended with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and sepiolite nanoclay was investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetery (PCFC) and the cone calorimetery. Initial microcalorimeter findings established a synergistic effect for ternary system comprising a 10:0.5 wt% mixture of sepiolite:MWNT, respectively, which resulted in a 40% reduction in heat release capacity (HRC). This result was also confirmed within the well‐established cone calorimeter by a 50% reduction in PHRR in contrast to unfilled UP. The mechanism behind this reduction is thought to be due to the bridging of the MWNTs between the sepiolite clay needles, creating a tight protective surface layer that reduces the MLR. TGA also confirmed the advantage of such a ternary system through a 36^°C shift in the onset decomposition temperature and an 11% increase in residual char. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海泡石的结构及在阻燃聚合物材料中的应用研究进展

简要介绍了海泡石的基本结构,系统介绍了海泡石在常见聚合物复合材料阻燃领域的应用,着重讨论了海泡石的改性及与其他阻燃剂协同作用在聚合物中的阻燃效果,并对其应用前景进行了展望。