城市工业区野境植物多样性与群落结构 研究——以原上海溶剂厂再野化为例

城市野境具有独特的生物多样性和自然野趣景观, 对促进城市生态恢复具有重要意义。经过10余年的再野化过 程,原上海溶剂厂形成人工栽培绿化树木与自生植被镶嵌生长 的分布格局,呈现人工绿地自然化、建筑和构筑物被植被立体 覆盖等城市野境景观。共调查到植物104科247属312种,原 生种和自生植物比例分别为54.81%、56.73%,明显高于一 般公园绿地;再野化促进更新苗的发育,植物群落结构趋于多 层而复杂,各群落α多样性指数较高。通过植被管理,促进植 物多样性自然恢复能力与潜力,发挥再野化对城市棕地生态修 复和后工业自然景观营造的作用。     

The affective economies and political force of rural wildness

Abstract

Although conventionally distinguished from the wilderness, the rural is nevertheless frequently perceived as a site of wildness, both in the sense of the uncultured/uncivilised and in the sense of the natural/authentic. Arguing that the politics of rurality have an important affective dimension that cannot be dismissed as illusionary or neatly separated from supposedly rational assessments, this article explores the affective economies that, in Sara Ahmed’s terms, cause particular feelings and values to become ‘stuck’ to the notion of rural wildness, influencing how it can be mobilised politically. Case studies of how rural wildness is harnessed as a political force in the self-presentation of the Countryside Alliance, a prominent British rural advocacy group, and in the successful 2013 Dutch documentary film The New Wilderness [De nieuwe wildernis] about a rewilding project in the Oostvaardersplassen reveal that, in both instances, the affective economies at play explicitly or implicitly support a conservative politics.     

南昌市城市废弃地再野化时空特征研究

人为活动所带来的全球变化被普遍认为是物种灭绝、栖息地丧失和气候变化的根本原因,再野化被认为是解决这类问题的一个可能的方法而得到广泛研究与关注。然而,再野化在城市环境中的时空梯度关系及其内部的自我演化关系尚不明确。以南昌市为研究区,以东西向沿城乡梯度选择8处样地,通过无人机航测和现场实测获取数据,并通过Arc GIS 10.5及SPSS26对获取数据进行空间及统计分析,结果表明：1)再野化存在显著的城乡空间梯度关系,但时间梯度关系不明显;2)不同立地条件及场地内外环境对植被再野化演进特征有显著影响;3)南昌市再野化的先锋树种主要是落叶树种构树和白花泡桐,乔木的恢复与场地内矗立物的分布有密切关系,其生态占位与其传播途径及生态特性相关。     

城市野境： 城市区域中野性自然的保护与营造

城市野境是城市内部或周边区域中自然过程占主导的土地,其中人类开发和控制程度相对较低,允许在一定程度上发生自然演替和生态过程,各类野生生物能够与人类繁荣共存。城市野境在重新连接人与自然、促进人类身心健康、保护生物多样性、维持生态系统服务方面具有重要和独特的价值。基于文献综述与案例研究,提出并阐释了保护与营造城市野境的 4 种途径,包括保护、修复、设计与融合,即在城市保护地中保护野性自然、再野化部分城市区域、在城市公园中营造类荒野景观以及在城市空间中系统性融入野性自然。建议在中国城市规划与城市设计中,融入野性自然保护与修复的理念,进一步探索城市野境保护与营造的理论与方法。     

Virtual enclosure,ecosystem services,landscape’s character and the ‘rewilding’ of the commons: the ‘Lake District’ case

Abstract

It is paradoxical that, while there is a generally increasing recognition of the scientific and cultural importance of conserving ‘semi-natural’ pastoral environments, and the negative effects of their widespread abandonment and overgrowth, British ‘rewilding’ activists and environmental managers are effectively advocating policies that will have a similar negative effect on the character of the semi-natural pastoral commons of places like England’s iconic Lake District. This situation, it will be argued, owes to the mindset of ‘virtual enclosure’ whereby the character of landscape is pre-defined by an assumed, behind-the-scenes, Euclidean/Ptolemaic spatial logic that leads to the comprehension of nature as a bounded scenic property; an (e)state of nature with its own economic system and services. This mindset is antithetical to both the practice of pastoral commoning and much contemporary natural science and conservation policy. It fits well, however, with older teleological ideas of nature, as well as modern ideas of privatisation, private property and management control.     

机器与自然之间——后工业景观再野化的 公众感知研究

腾退的工业用地城市为生态再生提供了潜力，后工 业景观的再野化随城市新生荒野重建逐渐得到认可。这一场景 中包含了具有对抗性质的“工业-自然”二重维度，而公众的 接受度和感知情况可作为其可持续转型的循证依据。以不同植 物高度、遗存占比、再野化程度、硬质绿地比例、演替程度5 个变量构建再野化虚拟场景，以量表调研与眼动实验结合的方 式分析“工业-自然”要素构成方式、人工管理介入程度对公 众感知的作用机制。结果发现，较高的绿地率、适度再野化与 自发演替的场景的公众接受度较高，工业要素对公众的关注兴 趣与偏好产生较大作用，“工业-自然”变量与积极-消极感知 显著相关，视觉关注数据与公众感知呈现一定相关性。在人因 设计视角下研究后工业再野化场景中生态隐喻与工业隐喻，为 如何发挥工业用地更新的生态潜力与社会潜力提供借鉴。