酯交换法制备丙烯酸正戊酯

以丙烯酸甲酯与正戊醇为原料,二丁基氧化锡为催化剂,用酯交换法合成丙烯酸正戊酯。考察了醇酯比、催化剂、阻聚剂等因素的影响。当醇酯物质的量比为1∶2 25、正戊醇、催化剂和阻聚剂的用量分别为88g、4g和0 4g时,反应收率可达90%,产品纯度可达99%。此工艺与直接酯化相比,提高了丙烯酸正戊酯的收率和纯度。     

长链醇的添加对航空煤油宏观喷雾特性的影响

长链醇被认为是有前景的替代燃料和燃料添加剂。 本工作旨在研究将长链醇与航空煤油混合对宏观喷雾特性的影响。本研究选择正丁醇和正戊醇作为实验所用替代燃料，使用共轨喷射系统产生高压喷射条件。 使用纹影成像系统捕获喷雾过程。 结果表明，随着长链醇的添加，喷雾贯穿度和峰值速度增大，而喷雾锥角和喷雾面积减小。 还对AKB混合物和AKP混合物的宏观喷雾特性进行了比较。 与AKB混合物相比，AKP混合物表现出相似的喷雾贯穿度，更大的峰值速度，更小的喷雾锥角和喷雾面积。     

微波固相法制备MCM-41固定 氯化铝催化剂及其催化性能

采用微波固相法制备了MCM-41固定氯化铝固体酸催化剂。以合成乙酸正戊酯为探针反应,考察了氯化铝不同负载量、反应时间、微波功率对其催化性能的影响。结果表明,氯化铝负载量为6 mmol/g、反应时间为 15 min、微波功率为750 W时,所制得的催化剂活性最好,其酯化率可达92.7%。     

Experimental study on spray characteristics of long-chain alcohol-diesel fuels in a constant volume chamber

This study aims at study effects of blending long-chain alcohol (n-butanol or n-pentanol) with diesel on the spray characteristics and compare the differences of those spray characteristics between n-butanol-diesel blends and n-pentanol-diesel blends. Results showed that with the addition of long-chain alcohols, the spray tip penetration decreased, the spray cone angle increased and the spray area increased, while with the increasing proportions of long-chain alcohols in blended fuels, the spray area decreased whereas the peak tip velocity increased. Under the same blended ratios, n-butanol-diesel blends showed longer tip penetration, larger cone angle, larger spray area and lower peak tip velocity compared to n-pentanol-diesel blends in the same injection conditions. Furthermore, from the comparison between spray morphology of each tested fuel with each other, it can be inferred that n-butanol-diesel blends have largest spray areas and thinnest spray boundaries, followed by n-pentanol-diesel blends and then pure diesel fuel.     

正庚醇净化湿法磷酸的工艺研究

我国磷矿品位低,湿法磷酸中杂质较多,净化湿法磷酸对扩大其使用领域、提高企业的经济效益具有十分重要的意义.实验研究以正庚醇作为萃取剂,采用溶剂萃取法净化湿法磷酸的工艺条件.结果表明,正庚醇萃取青海西部化肥有限责任公司浓缩磷酸的最佳条件为相比5,萃取时间20 min,搅拌强度400 r/min,萃取温度35℃,最佳反萃取剂加入量为萃取剂体积的25％.     

柴油/正戊醇/甲醇三元微乳化燃料柴油机燃烧与排放特性研究

为了使柴油与甲醇互溶,提高燃料氧含量以控制碳烟排放,以正戊醇作为助溶剂,形成柴油/正戊醇/甲醇三元微乳化燃料,对三元燃料在不同温度下的互溶性进行了研究。在一台电控高压共轨柴油机上测试了1 400r/min转速下柴油/正戊醇/甲醇三元微乳化燃料的燃烧压力和排放特性;计算了瞬时燃烧放热率与燃烧温度,并与柴油进行对比。研究结果表明:甲醇能够以一定比例与柴油/正戊醇互溶,且互溶比例随温度升高而增大。与纯柴油相比,随氧含量的增加,混合燃料的滞燃期延长,燃烧持续期缩短,峰值燃烧温度升高;在中低负荷,峰值燃烧放热率上升;在高负荷,三元微乳化燃料的峰值燃烧放热率下降,但其扩散燃烧强度增加;混合燃料的有效燃油消耗率增加,但是其热值逐渐降低,有效热效率上升;3种含氧燃料的CO排放在低负荷时增加,高负荷时降低;HC及NOx排放升高,NO2在NOx中的比例下降;碳烟排放明显减少。     

The influence of thermal barrier coating on an LHR engine fueled by soybean biodiesel blended with various additive spectrums: Performance,combustion, and emission analysis

The novelty of this research work deals with green synthesized nanoadditives (5% of graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon black), oxygenated additives (5% of n-butanol, n-heptane, and n-pentanol), and then the test fuels are prepared by blending of 20% of soybean biodiesel and 70%, 80%, and 100% of premium diesel. The experimental outcomes revealed that the Nickel Chromium Aluminum (NiCrAl-120 micron), partially stabilized zirconia, and titanium dioxide ceramic composites at about 400 microns achieve the thermal barrier coat of low heat rejection (LHR) engine parts by the air-plasma spray method. Compared with Blend B, green synthesized carbon black (5%), premium diesel (70%), and n-pentanol (5%) mixed soybean biodiesel (20%) fuel (Blend E) tested on the LHR engine achieved 4.90% higher brake thermal efficiency and 25.31% lower brake-specific fuel consumption at peak load owing to the presence of an oxygenated agent (n-pentanol) in the fuel blend, which minimizes carbon deposition. The carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, NO_x, and smoke emissions were reduced by 25.58%, 29.41%, 5.06%, and 7.75% when compared to Blend B at peak load. Then, the in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate were found to be 4.52% and 8.87% higher for Blend E at peak load compared to Blend B. This was because the mix of oxygenated additive and carbon black bio-based nanofuels made the combustion process go faster. These fuel blends were tested on LHR diesel engines at various load conditions.