大口径纹影系统主反射镜装调结构分析与设计

研制纹影测试系统中大口径主球面反射镜的装调结构.利用有限元法,对有效通光口径直径为800 mm的主镜进行应力和面变形分析.采用断裂几率预测法校核玻璃机械强度,通过优化得出反射镜面变形的均方根(rootmean square,RMS),以此为依据,设计出满足系统技术要求的主镜装调结构.     

二甲基醚喷雾特性试验

利用纹影光学系统和高速数码摄影机对定容燃烧弹内的新型代用燃料二甲基醚的喷雾和蒸发过程进行了系统的研究,并与柴油的喷雾和蒸发特性进行了比较。结果表明,二甲基醚的喷雾射程和锥角随环境参数变化的规律与柴油相似,但在相同条件下,二甲基醚的喷雾射程比柴油小,喷雾锥角比柴油大;二甲基醚的蒸发速度比柴油快。在喷雾的发展过程中,二甲基醚燃料在喷雾影像区域内的分布比柴油均匀。     

Schlieren方法中的二维空间滤波效应

在分析一维Ｓｃｈｌｉｅｒｅｎ方法不能有效显示二维弱位相分布的基础上，为有效地显示二维位相梯度分布，构造了几类二维直角空间滤波函数，并分别计算了它们的滤波效应．结果表明几类二维空间滤波都可以较大的衬度同时显示二维弱位相梯度分布，且不同形式的二维空间滤波对像面强度分布的“直流”分量有影响．     

Three-dimensional rainbow schlieren measurements in underexpanded sonic jets from axisymmetric convergent nozzles

The rainbow schlieren deflectometry has been combined with the computed tomography to obtain three-dimensional density fields of shock containing free jets and we call the method the schlieren CT. Experiments on the schlieren CT have been performed at a nozzle pressure ratio of 4.0 by using an axisymmetric convergent nozzle with an inner diameter of 10 mm at the exit where the nozzle was operated at an underexpanded condition. Multidirectional rainbow schlieren pictures of an underexpanded sonic jet can be acquired by rotating the nozzle about its longitudinal axis in equal angular intervals and the three-dimensional density fields are reconstructed by the schlieren CT. The validity of the schlieren CT is verified by a comparison with the density fields reconstructed by the Abel inversion method. As a result, it is found that excellent quantitative agreement is reached between the three-dimensional jet density fields reconstructed from both methods.     

A comparative investigation of an ultrasonic nozzle by optical methods

A series of experiments in a wind tunnel using optoelectronic instruments has been carried out. Flow in a 2D ultrasonic nozzle was investigated. Experimental results were obtained using three methods – the shadow method, the schlieren method and holographic interferometry, which are compared with the classical method of measuring pressure and the results of numerical calculations. Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 12, pp. 27–31, December, 2008.     

A comparative study on the use of calibrated and rainbow schlieren techniques in axisymmetric supersonic jets

Detailed experimental comparisons had been conducted between calibrated and rainbow schlieren on perfectly- and under-expanded axisymmetric supersonic jets through a modified Z-type schlieren system. The techniques were implemented by using a weak lens in the field-of-view to provide calibration information for the extraction of quantitative density gradients from the experimental schlieren images. Sixth-order polynomial curve fits were obtained for both calibrated and rainbow schlieren respectively. The effects of light inhomogeneity caused by the mirrors and system diaphragm aperture had been evaluated for the colour images and results indicate that averaging the background hue is an acceptable approach for minimizing light variations with less than 2% experimental error. Density gradients as calculated via Abel transform have also been evaluated to validate the two different set-ups. Additionally, experimental results have been compared to validated numerical results and they show that calibrated schlieren is able to predict density gradients within 2% of the numerical results. This is significantly more superior to rainbow schlieren, where errors in the estimated density gradients are closer to 20%. It is shown here that rainbow schlieren results are more adversely impacted by the system diaphragm aperture, especially for vertical light cut-off configuration. This is partly due to the loss of sensitivity of the schlieren system, as well as potential light diffusion caused by the filter.     

叶栅纹影试验图像增强及流场密度处理探讨

叶栅纹影图像的背景噪声和流场结构信息接近,给识别流场结构和获取定量信息带来了困难。采用加权L₀梯度平滑和伪彩色技术,提高纹影图像中关键流场结构的识别度。并探讨了通过标定纹影图像灰度与光线偏移量（刀口切割量）的函数关系,反演试验流场中的密度分布。研究结果表明,采用上述方法获得的流场纹影图像质量良好,叶栅通道内激波、尾迹和膨胀波的分辨率高,流场信息可读性强。验证了纹影图像及密度处理程序的可行性,但流场密度的准确测量需要在试验件加工装配、试验前光学调校和图像灰度标定等多方面开展细致的准备工作。     

光栅纹影法二维层化流体密度场测量技术研究

提出了一种简单的流体密度梯度分布测量系统,该系统在传统纹影系统中引入计量光栅,将光线因流体密度变化引起的偏折转变为投影条纹图的变形,通过分析变形条纹图来提取流体密度梯度分布信息.在分析条纹图时,使用小波变换相位分析法,利用小波变换的局部化特性,有效消除无效数据的影响.实验结果表明:系统的密度梯度测量范围能够达到0.01 g/cm4,测量精度能够达到5×10-6 g/cm4.系统装置简单,调节方便,适用于密度变化大的流体密度梯度测量.     

桥丝式电点火头发火能量的输出形式

采用高速摄像与激光纹影技术研究桥丝式点火头在电容放电作用下的能量输出形式,并观测点火头点燃延期体的动态过程。结果表明,电容放电作用后,桥丝形成气化热能,周围介质受热形成高温热流,桥丝断开后的高压放电和药剂爆燃共同作用形成弱冲击波,每种能量形式在无限空间内各向同性,各能量形式间速度不同;点火头点燃延期体过程中,先行弱冲击波的反射使高温流场在某一平衡位置振荡,延迟移向被点火面,炽热燃烧物受弱冲击波反射的影响小。     

纹影法激光焊保护气流态

为了对喷嘴结构设计及气流工艺参数的调整提供理论依据,采用双反射式纹影仪对激光焊接用喷嘴冷态时的气流流态进行了系统观测,并结合气体动力学原理对气流的流态进行了分析.结果表明,单层保护气喷嘴自由射流时,气流的Re控制在400～700可获得较好的层流长度及挺度;双层保护气喷嘴自由射流时,内、外层气流的Re相近可使综合性能达到最佳,最后给出了几种常用保护气喷嘴和保护气帘的气流形态.