新疆慕萨莱思感官特性定量描述分析

通过对10份新疆慕萨莱思样品进行定量描述评价,对其评价值进行多变量数据统计分析,并分析对传统慕萨莱思外观、口感及香气特征的影响因素。通过ANOVA、均值风味轮及主成分分析,显示慕萨莱思感官特征差异显著,但主体感官特征为棕色系列、酸甜为主、略带苦涩、香气丰富、典型性强,具有突出的焦糖香与醇香;传统工艺是奠定慕萨莱思基础色调、体态及典型香型的主要因素,但原料品种及贮藏时间也具有不同程度影响;传统工艺与和田红原料是慕萨莱思优质品质的保障,而现代工艺介入及其他原料的选用,对慕萨莱思口感、香气特征具有消弱作用;1～2a贮藏消弱新酒的粗糙、苦涩等口感而使其变得圆润,同时也将其香气馥郁度与悠长尾味消弱而变得寡淡。酿制年份对慕萨莱思感官品质不具明显作用。由偏最小二乘回归法进行分类分析得到慕萨莱思样品分散度大,说明其感官特征复杂多变,稳定性不足。     

新疆慕萨莱思自然发酵过程中酵母菌表型多样性及优势菌分析

目的：研究新疆慕萨莱思自然发酵过程中酵母菌种群表型多样性与其优势菌,探讨慕萨莱思传统工艺对其主要菌群结构的影响。方法：来自于新疆阿瓦提一古作坊的慕萨莱思酿制原料、原料处理液及发酵液(自然发酵过程中)共19份样品被用于酵母菌分离,分离株利用WL培养基培养归类,筛选代表株,对代表株进行形态观察、生理生化特征检测与类平均连算法聚类分析,探讨新疆慕萨莱思自然发酵过程中酵母菌表型多样性及优势菌群。结果：分离得到217株酵母菌,13种WL培养类型,8个表观群。13株代表菌株经初步鉴定为7个属,疑似为13个种,表明慕萨莱思酵母菌具有丰富的多样性。Hanseniaspora spp.为葡萄果皮、果汁及皮渣中的优势菌,S.cerevisiae为慕萨莱思自然发酵过程中起发者及唯一一种优势菌,非酿酒酵母偶尔在发酵液中发现。结论：慕萨莱思酿制过程中,葡萄原料原有的酵母菌经熬煮工序几乎被全部杀死,自然发酵中唯一优势菌S.cerevisiae可能来自酿制场所和设备,并具有较高适应能力。     

慕萨莱思酵母菌YPD表型多样性及其酿酒酵母δ序列遗传多样性分析

利用YPD稀释涂布法,从新疆阿瓦提地区6个不同采样点46份样液(原料、预处理液,不同时期发酵液)中分离出700株酵母菌,具有15种表型特征。挑选141株酿酒酵母代表株,与7株不同年份酿酒酵母,采用δ序列分析,得到41种基因型,显示阿瓦提慕萨莱思相关酵母菌,在不同采样点之间及同一采样点的原料批次,不同发酵期,不同发酵容器,不同年份之间均存在多样性。     

Qualitative analysis of the main aroma compounds associated with traditional Musalais processing in Xinjiang,China

Musalais has a unique flavour owing to the traditional technique of spontaneously fermenting the boiled substrates from compressed local grape juice and the grape residue. Liquid–liquid extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of 11 samples collected at different time points during the fermentation identified the aromatic compounds associated with traditional Musalais processing. The results showed that boiling completely destroyed the original aroma of the grape (16 compounds) and grape juice (16 compounds) and produced distinct furan‐derived compounds in the initial fermented substrates (10 compounds). During the fermentation, the aromatic compounds, with phenethyl alcohol as the major compound, accumulated within 24–40 days. Within a year of aging, over 40 compounds had increased and around half of these were esters, with ethyl caprylate, ethyl caprate, 2‐phenylethyl acetate and diethyl succinate as the major aromatic compounds. Boiling the grape derivatives, spontaneous fermentation and a short maturation time produced the three classes of aromatic components related to furans, alcohols and esters, respectively. These compounds contributed to the strong mellow flavour of fresh Musalais and the ester fragrance of a mature Musalais along with a distinctive caramel aroma. The results provide useful information on the origin of the flavours of Musalais wine and the associated wine‐making technology. Copyright © 2012 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

浓缩方式对慕萨莱思品质及香气成分的影响

研究4种处理方式慕萨莱思的品质及香气成分的差异,并对其进行QDA统计分析。结果表明:冷浓缩处理组的慕萨莱思中总糖、还原糖、可溶性固形物、pH、澄清度及生物活性指标均显著高于热浓缩慕萨莱思组;4种酒样中酯类物质种类最多,高达65种,为主要呈香物质。冷浓缩慕萨莱思中酯类物质相对含量最高,占总挥发性物质相对含量的48.77%,热浓缩慕萨莱思中酯类物质相对含量略低于冷浓慕萨莱思,为36.95%。QDA统计结果表明:冷浓缩慕萨莱思色泽鲜亮均一、口感柔滑、酸甜适口,具有明显的花果香味,且余香、余味时间长,其感官评价最高,风味最佳。     

新疆慕萨莱思酒天然活性成分的代谢组学研究进展——以原花青素为例

慕萨莱思酒是新疆南疆维吾尔族最具民族特色的重要传统保健饮品, 以特殊的酿酒葡萄和田红及阿瓦提红为主要原料, 由传统工艺加工而成, 是维吾尔族刀郎文化的艺术源泉。慕萨莱思酒集地域特殊性、民族独特性和文化传承性于一体, 是新疆南疆特色食品的代表。有研究证实, 慕萨莱思酒具有增强机体免疫功能、抗衰老、降血脂等保健功效, 原花青素是主要功效成分之一。对慕萨莱思酒中原花青素的研究将为明确慕萨莱思酒功效成分和作用, 提高产品质量, 提升产品价值提供理论依据, 对保护新疆特色资源具有重要意义。同时, 也为原花青素在新疆传统发酵产品中的代谢途径及其活性靶标物的研究提供新思路和基础。