硅藻土的有机改性及其对腐植酸的吸附

以云南腾冲硅藻土为原料,在对原硅藻土进行提纯后,采用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)作为改性剂,对硅藻精土进行了有机改性,制备成新型的有机改性硅藻土,用于吸附去除水中腐植酸。同时,考察了各种因素(pH值、投加量、吸附时间、温度)对PDMDAAC-硅藻土吸附去除腐植酸的影响。     

Dehydrogenation of 11α‐hydroxy‐16α, 17‐epoxyprogesterone by encapsulated Arthrobacter simplex cells in an aqueous/organic solvent two‐liquid‐phase system

BACKGROUND: Arthrobacter simplex cells immobilised in sodium cellulose sulfate/poly‐dimethyl‐diallyl‐ammonium chloride microcapsules were used for the microbial dehydrogenation of 11α‐hydroxy‐16α,17‐epoxyprogesterone to 11α‐hydroxy‐16α,17α‐epoxypregn‐1,4‐diene‐3,20‐dione in an aqueous/organic solvent two‐liquid‐phase system, which is a key reaction in the production of glucocorticoid pharmaceuticals. The aim of the study was to establish a suitable aqueous/organic solvent two‐liquid‐phase system for performing semi‐continuous production in an airlift loop reactor by encapsulated A. simplex cells with the addition of suitable surfactants to achieve a higher yield of the product. RESULTS: n‐Hexane was selected as the most suitable organic solvent. In optimised Tween‐80 emulsion feed mode the conversion in the airlift loop reactor was as high as 97.54% when the time of reaction was 2 h, and the reaction time was greatly shortened. In semi‐continuous production the cultivation with immobilised cells was carried out for five batches in total. The conversion in each batch was above 95% and the enzymatic activity still remained quite high after five batches of biotransformation. CONCLUSION: The results showed that performing the conversion by this method shortened the reaction time and increased the productivity, thus demonstrating the great potential of the method for the dehydrogenation of 11α‐hydroxy‐16α,17‐epoxyprogesterone. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

新型复合引发剂APS-TEA引发DMDAAC的聚合及PDMDAAC的应用

用一步法合成DMDAAC单体，采用APS—TEA复合引发体系引发聚合得到PDMDAAC。实验取100mL质量分数为72％的DMDAAC溶液，通N2 30min后加入APS 0．548g、TEA0．352g、EDTA·2Na 15．04mg，当反应温度为42℃，反应时间为24h时，DMDAAC的转化率为82．26％，PDMDAAC的特征粘度为1．06dL／g。采用PFS（聚合硫酸铁）、PDMDAAC和PFS—PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂处理Cu^2＋、pb^2＋浓度均为10mg／L的模拟重金属污水，PFS—PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂处理效果最好。控制模拟污水的终点DH值约为8．5，使用PFS-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂，当PFS剂量为5．52mg／L、PDMDAAC剂量为0．39mg／L时，处理后Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋去除率分别达到99．8％和99．9％。     

Adsorption of Congo Red by Poly(Dimethyl Diallyl Ammonium Chloride)/Polyacrylamide Hydrogels with Excellent Acid and Alkali Resistance

Cationic hydrogels, poly(dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride)/polyacrylamide (PDMDAAC/PAM), were prepared for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solution. Process parameters affecting the adsorption efficiency were systematically investigated. The results showed that the calculated monolayer adsorption capacity of the cationic hydrogels was found to be 200 to 465 mg/g. The hydrogels showed appreciable adsorption capacities within pH range investigated. The adsorption process well obeyed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm. The ion exchange dominated the whole adsorption mechanism. All the information suggests that the as-prepared cationic hydrogels show potential applications in the fields of wastewater treatment for the removal of anionic dyes such as CR.     

链转移剂调控DMDAAC均聚物分子量

以工业级二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为反应单体、甲酸钠或甲醇为链转移剂,选择过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原引发体系,采用水溶液聚合法得到分子量在800～9000的PDMDAAC.通过正交实验考察了单体质量分数、聚合温度、聚合时间、聚合体系pH值、引发剂用量、还原剂用量和链转移剂用量对聚合产物特性粘数和单体转化率的影响.研究了链转移剂对PDMDAAC分子量的调控作用及其用量对聚合物特性粘数和单体转化率的影响规律.     

有机改性凹凸棒石吸附痕量硝基苯的试验研究

研究了用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）改性凹凸棒石对微污染水中痕量硝基苯的吸附性能、影响因素及其再生后吸附效果。结果表明：PDMDAAC改性凹凸棒石对微污染水中痕量苯酚具有较强的吸附能力,在PH=8、硝基苯浓度为50μg／L、投加量为5g／L、吸附时间30min的条件下,吸附去除率达73％;改性后的凹凸棒石可用碱进行再生,再生后对硝基苯的吸附能力没有明显下降;改性凹凸棒石的等温静态吸附曲线呈线性关系。     

改性凹凸棒石吸附痕量硝基苯的试验研究

研究了用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)改性凹凸棒石对微污染水中痕量硝基苯的吸附性能、影响因素及其再生后吸附效果.结果表明:PDMDAAC改性凹凸棒石对微污染水中痕量苯酚具有较强的吸附能力,在pH=8、硝基苯浓度为50ug/L、投加量为5g/L、吸附时间30min的条件下,吸附去除率达73%;改性后的凹凸棒石可用碱进行再生,再生后对硝基苯的吸附能力没有明显下降;改性凹凸棒石的等温静态吸附曲线呈线性关系.     

聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的单体均聚及染料废水脱色性能研究

采用系统的单因素试验方法，先后对引发剂添加方式、反应时间、单体浓度、引发剂用量、聚合反应温度、pH值、单体纯度等影响单体聚合的因素进行了较为详细的研究，获得了各参数的最佳组合条件。采用此工艺条件实验室聚合出特性粘度高达270mL／g的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵，并对其进行染料脱色性能试验，活性染料脱色率高达80％以上。     

PDMDAAC改性粉煤灰的制备及其脱色效果研究

为提高粉煤灰的除污能力，采用高分子絮凝剂PDMDAAC（聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵）对粉煤灰进行表面改性，并通过正交试验考察了改性的最佳工艺参数。结果表明，改性的最佳工艺参数为：PDMDAAC的浓度为40g／L，温度恒定为30℃，反应时间为1h。改性粉煤灰对活性黄和分散红紫的模拟染料废水都有很好的处理效果，其脱色机理以吸附电中和为主。在一定范围内，随着改性粉煤灰投量的增加则脱色效果增强，而溶液的pH值和反应时间对脱色效果的影响不大。此改性粉煤灰可用于印染废水的处理。