白酒生产中高效降解糠醛微生物的筛选与鉴定

从酱香型白酒酒醅中筛选出一株高效降解糠醛的微生物,利用GC-MS对降解过程中样品所含的糠醛及糠醇进行检测并全定量。同时,经过氯化苄抽提基因组方法后,再进行测序与序列比对,菌株鉴定结果为宛氏拟青霉。     

Hydrolysis of epigallocatechin gallate using a tannase from Paecilomyces variotii

Epigallocatechin (EGC) and gallic acid (GA) were prepared by the degalloylation of an epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) extract from green tea. EGCG was entirely hydrolyzed using a tannase (from Paecilomyces variotii) at pH 6.0, incubating at 40 °C for 30 min. The antiradical properties and the reducing power of these samples were assessed using the DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. This work established a relationship between the antioxidant effects of epigallocatechin gallate and the enzymatic reaction products (epigalocatechin and gallic acid). The enzymatic reaction products showed higher scavenging activity and antioxidant capacity when compared to epigallocatechin gallate.     

发酵成分对轮枝拟青霉中虫草菌素含量的影响

以轮枝拟青霉（Paecilomyces verticillatus GZ）为材料,通过单因素、正交实验考察不同的发酵成分对提高GZ高产虫草菌素的条件,通过发酵动力学考察GZ菌株的收菌时间。结果表明：以白砂糖2%、麦芽糖1%、牛肉膏3%、酵母膏2%为发酵培养基,140r/min,26℃,摇瓶培养7d,虫草菌素产量为（69.1±0.921）mg/L。     

蛹拟青霉发酵金针菇菇柄过程中主要活性物质及抗氧化活性的动态变化

以金针菇废菇柄为研究材料,利用蛹拟青霉为发酵菌种,对金针菇废菇柄进行了双向固体发酵。研究了金针菇菇柄发酵菌质多糖、虫草素、虫草酸、蛋白质、氨基酸等活性物质和发酵菌质总还原力和对自由基的清除能力随发酵时间的变化。试验结果表明,发酵菌质中活性物质出现了峰谷变化,在发酵中期随着时间的增加物质含量逐渐增加,与对照组相比,主要成分和抗氧化能力均有大幅度增加,两者具有显著差异。各种活性物质达到最大的发酵时间略有不同,蛹拟青霉发酵金针菇菌质多糖、虫草素、虫草酸含量在发酵28 d时达到最高,分别为:717.68 mg/g、90.9μg/g和25.6 mg/g,分别是对照组的1.92倍、90.9倍和2.34倍;蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别在21 d和24 d达到最高,分别为396.6 mg/g和230.88 mg/g,分别是对照组的2.39倍和4.52倍。发酵菌质的总还原力在21 d^28 d达到最高,且基本稳定。金针菇菇柄发酵菌质的清除DPPH自由基能力在28 d最高,达到72.37%,比未发酵菌质清除DPPH自由基的能力提高了59.5%。     

Pectinolytic and cellulolytic activities of heat resistant fungi and their macerating effects on mango and African mango

Five heat resistant fungi (HRF), Neosartorya fischeri, N fischeri var spinosa, N quadricincta, Paecilomyces varioti and Byssochlamys nivea, were studied for production of pectinolytic and cellulolytic activities. All isolates produced considerable hydrolase, lyase and pectinesterase activities. Hydrolase activities were significantly higher in fruit tissue (mango and African mango) media than in pectin medium (P < 0.01) when assayed by both cup plate and viscometric methods. Activities produced in both fruit media were comparable in N fischeri, N fischeri var spinosa and P varioti but not in N quadricincta and B nivea. All isolates produced greater lyase activities in pectin medium than in fruit tissue media except for N quadricincta, while the converse was the case for pectinesterase. P varioti did not utilise carboxymethyl cellulose or produce cellulase activity. Other isolates produced cellulase with B nivea producing the greatest activity. Each isolate caused considerable maceration of artificially inoculated mango and African mango fruits, which is not directly related to measurable pectinase or cellulase. The possibility of co‐operation between pectinase and cellulase activities in the disintegration of fruit tissues is discussed. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

烟草根结线虫病不同防控措施的田间筛选

为筛选防控烟草根结线虫病的措施,通过田间试验研究了5种植物、1种昆虫病原线虫、2种生防真菌对烤烟农艺性状、产量、产值及烟草根结线虫病防治效果的影响。结果表明,烤烟间作菽麻、间作猪屎豆,施用异小杆线虫和施用淡紫拟青霉在烤烟农艺性状、产量、产值及整个生育期对烟草根结线虫防治效果综合表现较好。除药剂对照外,整个生育期内施用淡紫拟青霉防效最好,平均防效61.2%;间作菽麻次之,平均防效60.4%;其次为1.46×10⁸Js/hm²的异小杆线虫,平均防效53.3%;最差为间作猪屎豆,平均防效为46.2%。     

细脚拟青霉活性成分分析及清除自由基活性研究

以冬虫夏草生药为对照品,对细脚拟青霉RCEF0441的深层发酵菌丝体和发酵液冻干粉进行活性成分分析。结果表明：RCEF0441 菌丝体和发酵液冻干粉中粗蛋白和氨基酸总量均明显高于冬虫夏草生药;菌丝体中多糖、麦角甾醇、甘露醇及腺苷等多种物质的含量亦高于冬虫夏草生药;RCEF0441 深层发酵菌丝体和发酵液冻干粉中还含有丰富的对人体健康非常重要的Zn、Fe、Ca 等元素。用二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH)-TLC 法和DPPH 酶标仪法对RCEF0441菌丝体和发酵液冻干粉的甲醇- 乙酸乙酯混合液提取物清除DPPH自由基活性进行分析,发现两种提取物均具有较强的清除自由基活性,在浓度为5.0mg/ml,于37℃下保温10min 时,两种提取物对0.4 mg/ml 的DPPH自由基的清除率分别达到61.28% 和81.12%。     

Studies onPaecilomyces marquandii from nematode suppressive chinampa soils

Two applications of isolates ofPaecilomyces marquandii from suppressive chinampa soils or P. lilacinus from Peru, fungi that parasitize nematode eggs, generally gave better control of tomato root-knot due toMeloidogyne incognita than did a single application. The effects on root galling by each of thePaecilomyces isolates varied between experiments; however, the ovicidal potential of the three isolates did not differ significantly. Proteins specific for each of the isolates were demonstrated by SDS gel electrophoresis. The results indicate thatP. marquandii is one of the natural soil organisms that contribute to nematode suppression in the chinampa agricultural soils.     

蝉拟青霉产透明质酸最佳液体培养基的筛选

本研究利用硫酸咔唑法检测透明质酸含量,考察了碳源、氮源和无机盐对蝉拟青霉发酵液中透明质酸含量的影响;实验结果表明,蝉拟青霉产透明质酸的最佳碳源、氮源和无机盐分别为:6%的乳糖、0.5%的牛肉膏与酵母膏的混合物(1:1)以及0.1%的MgSO4·7H2O。