西藏燕麦主要种植区灌溉定额空间分布及影响因素

燕麦为西藏自治区典型牧草之一,由于种植区地域辽阔,灌溉试验结果受限,西藏燕麦主要种植区的灌溉定额尚不明确。本文在西藏燕麦主要种植区内选取28个典型站点进行资料收集,遵循农业气候相似原则进行区域划分,基于水量平衡法揭示了西藏燕麦主要种植区灌溉定额的空间分布特征,并根据统计学原理分析了其影响因素。研究表明:燕麦主要种植区的灌溉定额呈由西藏中部至东部呈现先递增后递减的趋势,50%水文年下的燕麦灌溉定额在56~265 mm之间变化。降雨量是影响研究区内燕麦灌溉定额的主要因素(R²为0.515),ET₀次之(R²为0.152);其它气象因素中,日照时数对研究区燕麦灌溉定额影响较大(R²为0.462),且呈正相关关系;相对湿度对燕麦灌溉定额影响较小。西藏燕麦主要种植区的灌溉定额及其空间分布可为西藏自治区灌溉用水管理提供支撑。     

Stabilisation of protein and oil in fish silage for use as a ruminant feed supplement

Fish silage was prepared from 96.5% offal obtained from Atlantic cod fillet processing and 3.5% (by wt) formic acid. The fish silage became an homogeneous liquid of low viscosity in 36–58 h at 20°C; however, the oil and protein components continued to be hydrolysed for several months. Addition of formaldehyde to fish silage (0.25 or 0.39% by wt) after liquefaction was complete, served to prevent continued protein hydrolysis and oxidative rancidity of the oil. It also decreased the development of ‘off-odours’, and the formation of total volatile bases. Fish silage was readily absorbed by hay at a ratio of 1.5 parts silage to 1.0 parts hay by weight; the product is referred to as ‘haylage’. Voluntary intake by wethers of ‘haylage’ prepared from de-oiled, formaldehyde-treated fish silage was better than for ‘haylage’ prepared from untreated fish silage. The crude protein content of ‘haylage’ rations was more than satisfactory for fattening lambs, although the energy content of ‘haylage’ rations may be a limiting factor. Retention of fish oil in the silage to increase the energy content of rations was unsuccessful because voluntary feed intake was depressed. The addition of formaldehyde to fish silage is advantageous when the product is to be fed to ruminant livestock since protein and lipid degradation in the feed, and also possibly in the rumen, are minimised and voluntary intake of ‘haylage’ by sheep is increased.     

岩石圈深部探测与青藏高原研究

论述了岩石圈深部探测的作用和重大意义，它是一项国土基础地质情况的调查，可以为找矿预测、地震预报、能源开发及大陆动力学研究等多目标服务,是21世纪中国区域地质调查的重要内容，是一项伟大的科学工程；美国、前苏联和中国此前均已作了大量工作，但是有待深化和进一步开展调查；简要介绍了青藏高原近些年来开展深部调查的情况和取得的主要最新成果。     

Induction of Tertiary Phase Epileptiform Discharges after Postasphyxial Infusion of a Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonist in Preterm Fetal Sheep

Background: Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are key immunomodulatory factors that can markedly ameliorate or exacerbate hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. We recently demonstrated that central infusion of the TLR7 agonist Gardiquimod (GDQ) following asphyxia was highly neuroprotective after 3 days but not 7 days of recovery. We hypothesize that this apparent transient neuroprotection is associated with modulation of seizure-genic processes and hemodynamic control. Methods: Fetuses received sham asphyxia or asphyxia induced by umbilical cord occlusion (20.9 ± 0.5 min) and were monitored continuously for 7 days. GDQ 3.34 mg or vehicle were infused intracerebroventricularly from 1 to 4 h after asphyxia. Results: GDQ infusion was associated with sustained moderate hypertension that resolved after 72 h recovery. Electrophysiologically, GDQ infusion was associated with reduced number and burden of postasphyxial seizures in the first 18 h of recovery (p < 0.05). Subsequently, GDQ was associated with induction of slow rhythmic epileptiform discharges (EDs) from 72 to 96 h of recovery (p < 0.05 vs asphyxia + vehicle). The total burden of EDs was associated with reduced numbers of neurons in the caudate nucleus (r² = 0.61, p < 0.05) and CA1/2 hippocampal region (r² = 0.66, p < 0.05). Conclusion: These data demonstrate that TLR7 activation by GDQ modulated blood pressure and suppressed seizures in the early phase of postasphyxial recovery, with subsequent prolonged induction of epileptiform activity. Speculatively, this may reflect delayed loss of early protection or contribute to differential neuronal survival in subcortical regions.     

羊胎盘营养液的制备及其在化妆品中的应用

以妊娠早期羊胎盘为原料,制备了一种新型的化妆品天然添加剂,它不仅含有丰富的氨基酸、多肽,而且含有多种促进、改善组织新陈代谢的酶类。用其配成的营养性膏霜,具有明显的护肤、润肤和营养皮肤的功能,可起到延缓皮肤衰老的作用。     

CD10模式对西藏高等工科教育改革的启示

CDIO工程教育模式强调在扎实科学的工程背景基础上,将个人专业能力、团队精神相互贯穿与融合,通过设置一体化的课程来提升工科学生的工程素养,是一种符合时代要求,历经教育实践、体系完整的工科教育模式。文章通过对CDIO模式及其特点的认识出发,以实现“会思考能实战”的专业教学理念为目标,从西藏高校工科教育现状出发,针对制约教学质量提高的问题,提出了以CDIO模式改进西藏工科教育的几点措施。     

那曲典型草地植被光谱特征分析

遥感是大尺度生态研究的重要工具之一,而地面植物群落特征与其光谱特征之间的关系是解译遥感影像的关键。地面实测数据由于其高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率,能够准确反映地物光谱信息,可以用来指导卫星遥感解译工作,同时为遥感监测草地退化、草地模型建立等提供数据支持。选取西藏那曲地区的优势植被类型作为研究对象,利用ASD FieldSpec 3便携式光谱仪测定优势种的冠层光谱并进行比较,并取其中一种优势种测量其在不同覆盖度和不同生长期的光谱反射特点。研究结果表明:①不同植被群落冠层光谱具有特殊的光谱曲线,可见光波段光谱反射率依次是紫花针茅、小嵩草和藏北嵩草,近红外波段光谱反射率则依次是小嵩草、藏北嵩草和紫花针茅;红边位置可以识别藏北嵩草,但是不能区分小嵩草和紫花针茅;②不同覆盖度的小嵩草红边、“绿峰”位置不随覆盖度的变化而发生变化;连续统去除后得到吸收深度随覆盖度的增加而变大,吸收峰面积随覆盖度的增加而增加;③小嵩草衰退期内,在可见光波段和红边波段,冠层光谱反射率随着叶绿素含量的减少而下降,出现“红边蓝移,绿峰下降”的现象。     

藏香猪特色菜肴的开发

藏香猪是藏区独特的品种资源,其体小皮薄,蛋白质含量高,肉质细嫩、味道鲜美,富含10余种人体必需的氨基酸成份,素有"高原之珍"的美誉。本文以藏香猪为原料,采用中西菜肴制作技术及工艺,开发出符合大众风味爱好、食用方便、风味类型丰富的藏香猪特色菜肴,以促进藏香猪类餐饮经济的发展。     

风光互补抽水蓄能电站系统配置研究

风光互补抽水蓄能电站是集合了传统水能与风、光新能源各自优势的一种新的多能互补开发方式。针对西藏阿里地区独特的自然地理条件,提出了这种开发方式的能量、水量平衡和抽水系统容量的计算模型,按成本电价和单位千瓦投资最低建立了风光互补抽水蓄能电站系统配置的优化模型。对阿里地区风光互补抽水蓄能电站进行了系统配置实例分析研究,得到了水能、光能和风能容量的最佳配比和相应容量配置要求。研究成果表明,这种多能互补开发方式可克服目前火电站及光伏电站成本电价高和运行维护技术要求高的缺点,具有独特的技术、经济优势,是解决阿里地区能源供应问题的有效途径之一。