信阳饮食文化资源旅游开发研究

饮食文化资源具有促进旅游业发展的重要作用,因此旅游业越来越重视饮食文化旅游资源的开发。信阳饮食文化历史悠久,地方特色显著,但信阳饮食文化资源的旅游开发尚处于起步阶段。文章在分析信阳饮食文化资源旅游的基础上,提出了促进信阳饮食文化旅游发展的建议和措施。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法对比分析毛火温度对信阳毛尖茶香气成分的影响

目的 研究毛火温度对信阳毛尖茶香气成分的影响。方法 选取不同品种、干燥毛火温度的信阳毛尖茶,并采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, HS-SPME-GC-MS)对供试样茶香气物质进行分析。结果 醛类、醇类、酯类、酮类、酸类、芳香烃以及碳氢、杂环氧化物是信阳毛尖茶的主要香气化合物种类。140℃毛火烘焙群体种信阳毛尖茶供试样中β-环柠檬醛与顺式芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃)含量最高; 140℃毛火烘焙乌牛早信阳毛尖茶供试样中柠檬烯、γ-松油烯、肉桂烯含量最高;110℃毛火烘焙群体种信阳毛尖茶供试样中1-反-(+)-橙花叔醇含量最高;110℃毛火烘焙乌牛早信阳毛尖茶供试样中芳樟醇和反式芳樟醇氧化物(吡喃)含量最高。140℃毛火烘焙信阳毛尖茶供试样的表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG)、表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin, EGC)的含量均低于110℃毛火烘焙信阳毛尖茶供试样。结论 在信阳...     

Recent observations on the occurrence of fishy flavour in bacon

An examination of reject bacon samples supplied directly from a factory showed that some samples described by a sensory panel as oily and fishy contained significantly higher levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in their fat than normal samples. When bacon samples obtained from retail outlets were similarly analysed and then subjected to sensory assessment, those found to contain long chain PUFA were given significantly higher scores for oily and fishy flavour. Observations on the fatty acid composition of fishy bacon samples as compared to non-fishy ones and further investigation into the diets of pigs producing suspect carcasses led to the conclusion that too high a content of fish products in the diet was the main cause of the problem. Contrary to what had been believed, fresh non-fishy bacon samples did not develop fishy flavour after storage at ?20°C for 15 weeks. Perceived fishiness was not related to total copper content as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.     

做青程度对信阳茶品质及其抗氧化活性的影响

该研究采用一芽三四叶的鲜叶原料,比较了信阳绿茶、信阳红茶和3个不同做青程度的信阳茶的品质及其抗氧化活性,以期为江北茶区小叶种茶树品种的鲜叶进一步开发利用提供理论依据。通过分光光度计、液相色谱和气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测5种茶主要生化成分和挥发性成分,利用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）法检测此5种茶的抗氧化活性,最后进行感官审评。结果发现：不同做青程度的信阳茶中所含主要成分的含量及组成存在差异,随着做青程度加深,茶多酚由21.17%降到18.90%（P<0.05）,氨基酸由3.43%增加到3.73%（P<0.05）,黄酮由5.63 mg/g增加到6.55 mg/g（P<0.05）,香气成分呈递增的趋势,尤其单帖类物质增加明显,如β-蒎烯由0.13 μg/g增加到0.37 μg/g、E-β-罗勒烯0.05 μg/g增加到0.15 μg/g（P<0.05）。感官审评发现,轻度做青处理所制的茶叶品质相对较优。通过计算不同做青处理所制茶叶清除DPPH自由基半抑制浓度IC50值（Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration,IC50）,发现随着做青程度加深,IC50值在增大,1/IC50值与茶多酚含量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与氨基酸和黄酮含量呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,与19种挥发性成分呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,说明适当的做青工艺可以改善一芽三四叶所制信阳绿茶的品质。     

信阳毛尖茶叶中矿物元素的主成分分析和品质评价

目的对信阳毛尖茶叶中矿物元素进行检测,构建信阳毛尖质量评价数学模型。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测不同产地,不同季节,不同嫩度所制的10个信阳毛尖茶叶样品中矿物元素的含量,采用主成分分析(principal components analysis, PCA)法,构建数学质量评价模型。结果构建的信阳毛尖茶叶质量评价模型为:F=0.9359F1+0.0386F2,与感官评价法一致性良好,表明所构建数学评价模型是可行的。结论构建的评价模型具有客观性和准确性,避免了感官审评的主观性,在信阳毛尖品质划分方面具有一定的推广价值。     

镇巴腊肉生产过程中微生物组成及多样性变化

基于高通量测序技术,对镇巴腊肉加工过程不同阶段的微生物种群组成进行鉴定和分析,同时对细菌表型及相关功能进行预测。结果表明：镇巴腊肉生产加工过程中,真菌丰度大于细菌丰度,并随着发酵时间及加工工艺变化,微生物群落存在明显的演替;镇巴腊肉中丰度最高的细菌为厚壁菌门（Firmcutes）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）,优势细菌属随着加工步骤推进由原料肉样品中的大肠-志贺氏菌属演替为腌制时期和熏制时期的葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）、嗜冷杆菌属（Psychrobacter）和乳杆菌属（Latilactobacillus）;丰度最高的真菌门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）,优势真菌属由镰刀菌属（Fusarium）和被孢霉属演替为镰刀菌属（Mortierella）和德巴利氏酵母属（Debaryomyces）;基于菌落演替变化及细菌表型和功能预测,发现镇巴腊肉在加工过程中有害微生物不断减少,利于发酵的微生物逐渐增加,促进镇巴腊肉风味物质形成。     

低温贮藏对川式腊肉中蛋白质降解的影响

新鲜腊肉采用直接真空包装（A处理）和添加抗坏血酸后真空包装（B处理）后,分别在5℃和-18℃下贮藏,探讨蛋白质的降解和氨基酸组成变化。结果表明,各处理水分含量随贮藏时间的延长逐渐下降,氨基酸组成分析显示．各处理中必需氨基酸相对含量均呈增加趋势。冷藏120d时A、B处理E／N比从初始值0．65分别升至结束时的0．75和0．73．AAS从13．06分别升至44．57和51．23;冻藏处理E/N比和AAS呈先升后降趋势,冻藏120d时A、B处理E／N比从初始值0．65分别升至0．71和0．90,而AAS从13．06分别升至31．16和31．86。各处理挥发性盐基氮随贮藏时间延长不断增加,但符合SB/T10294—1998中规定二级品≤45mg／100g,超出分割冻猪肉国标、鲜、冻四分体带骨牛肉国标15mg／100g。表明短期低温贮藏和添加抗坏血酸可改善腊肉氨基酸组成,不影响腊肉食用品质。     

Investigating quality attributes and consumer acceptance of uncured, no-nitrate/nitrite-added commercial hams, bacons, and frankfurters

ABSTRACT:  Increasing demands for natural, organic, and/or preservative-free foods have resulted in the consumer availability of uncured, no-nitrate/nitrite-added processed meat and poultry products. A comprehensive understanding about the quality and sensory attributes of commercially available uncured products is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine if quality and sensory differences exist between uncured and cured meat products. Five different commercial brands (Brands A to E; 4 uncured, no-nitrate/nitrite-added, and 1 nitrite-added) of 3 product types (hams, frankfurters, and bacons) were obtained from retail supermarkets. The samples were evaluated for color, pigment content, pH, lipid oxidation, residual nitrate and nitrite content, and consumer acceptance. All brands from all product types evaluated, except for 1 bacon (Brand B), had cured color, aroma, and flavor attributes similar to the nitrite-added control (Brand E). All product types and brands contained residual nitrate and residual nitrite except for Brands B and D bacons (< 1 ppm nitrite). Lipid oxidation as measured by 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances revealed a large variation in the occurrence of lipid oxidation both between and within product types, with frankfurters reporting the highest levels. Color measurements indicated the majority of the brands within each product type were similar to the control. Consumer sensory ratings for surface/lean color, aroma, flavor, texture, and overall acceptance determined that variation existed. Brand E (nitrite-added control) and 1 uncured, no-nitrate/nitrite-added brand for each product type were not different ( P > 0.05) for overall acceptance and received higher scores ( P < 0.05) than all other brands within each product type.     

重组培根加工过程中N-亚硝胺及其前体物质含量的动态变化

为了明确重组培根加工过程中N-亚硝胺含量的动态变化及其影响因素,监测原料肉、腌制、蒸煮、烟熏加工环节中pH值及亚硝酸盐、生物胺、N-亚硝胺含量的动态变化,同时考察重组培根的感官品质。结果表明：随着加工的进行,重组培根pH值和亚硝酸盐残留量均呈现先上升后下降的趋势;在监测的8 种生物胺中,原料肉中仅检出精胺,随着重组培根加工的进行,生物胺的种类不断丰富,含量逐渐升高,烟熏显著加速了生物胺的生成;原料肉中仅检测出N-二甲基亚硝胺（N-nitrosodimethylamine,NDMA）和N-亚硝基吡咯烷（N-nitrosopyrrolidin,NPYR）;腌制后可检出N-甲基乙基亚硝胺（N-nitrosomethylethylamine,NMEA）、N-二丙基亚硝胺（N-nitrosodipropylamine,NDPA）、N-二丁基亚硝胺（N-nitrosodibutylamide,NDBA）和N-亚硝基哌啶（N-nitrosopiperidine,NPIP）,NDMA含量超过了国标限量; 蒸煮后新增N - 二乙基亚硝胺（ N - n i t r o s o d i e t h y l a m i n e ,NDEA）和N-亚硝基吗啉（N- n i trosomorpholine,NMOR）,且NDMA、NDPA、NDBA、NPIP含量显著升高（P＜0.05）;烟熏过程中N-亚硝胺总量显著增加（P＜0.05）,烟熏6～9 h增幅最大;重组培根的感官评分随着烟熏时间的延长显著提高（P＜0.05）。综合食用安全性和感官评分,建议制作重组培根时选择腌制16 h,热熏法（55±2） ℃烟熏6h。     

迷迭香提取物及其包结物在中式培根中的应用

研究了迷迭香提取物(RE)的化学成分、抗氧化活性及RE与其环糊精钾金属有机骨架包结物(RE-K-CD-MOF)在中式培根中的应用。结果表明:RE的主要成分为迷迭香酸等12种物质;RE具有良好的抗氧化效果,在0.5~1.5 mg/mL浓度范围内,清除DPPH自由基的能力大于BHT小于V_C,在1~5 μg/mL浓度范围内,清除OH自由基的能力大于V_C小于BHT。应用于中式培根腌制过程中脂质氧化实验表明,与对照组相比添加RE及RE-K-CD-MOF各组均具有较低的过氧化值和丙二醛含量;与添加RE各组相比,添加RE-K-CD-MOF各组表现出更好的稳定性和抑制脂质氧化效果。与添加0.3% RE相比,添加0.3% RE-K-CD-MOF时,加工结束时中式培根的过氧化值降低了17.8%,丙二醛含量降低了17.2%。