泰和乌鸡黑色素提取工艺的研究

研究江西泰和乌鸡黑色素的酶法和盐酸提取工艺。用单因素试验和正交试验分别确定蛋白酶和盐酸提取乌鸡黑色素的最佳工艺条件,并对两种方法提取的黑色素得率、抗自由基性能、对光和热的稳定性等方面进行比较。结果表明,蛋白酶提取乌鸡黑色素的最佳工艺:采用木瓜蛋白酶提取,pH 6.0,温度65℃,料液比1∶2(m∶V),酶底比为1∶25(m∶m),时间4h;盐酸提取乌鸡黑色素的最佳工艺条件:料液比1∶4(m∶V),回流温度95℃,提取时间2h;酶法提取黑色素量大于盐酸提取,酶法提取的乌鸡黑色素抗自由基性能和对热的稳定性高于盐酸提取。说明蛋白酶法优于盐酸法,酶法提取的黑色素产量高,性质稳定。     

泰和乌骨鸡鸡肉总磷脂含量及其侧链脂肪酸组成的特性

本文比较了相同条件养殖的泰和乌骨鸡和两种非药用鸡鸡肉的总磷脂含量,并以GC-MS联用技术对三种鸡肉中磷脂的疏水侧链脂肪酸组成进行了鉴定和分析,用面积归一法,计算各脂肪酸的相对百分含量。结果表明,泰和乌骨鸡鸡肉中总磷脂含量显著高于非药用鸡,而两种非药用鸡间无显著差异;泰和乌骨鸡鸡肉磷脂侧链脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸和花生四烯酸含量显著高于非药用鸡。     

Isolation and characterization of natural melanin derived from silky fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson)

Water-insoluble melanins derived from silky fowl (SF-melanin) were isolated using an enzymatic extraction procedure. The yields of the pigments from periosteum, ovary or testis, trachea, skin and muscle, were 21.3, 13.7, 10.2, 1.1, and 1.0 mg/g, respectively, on a fresh tissue basis. The isolated pigments were identified as melanins according to the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy spectra. Using synthetic melanin as a calibration, their physicochemical and morphological properties were further characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and advanced imaging technology. Elemental composition analysis by XPS revealed that the main component of the SF-melanin was eumelanin. The morphological study showed that (1) the SF-melanin displayed ellipsoidal melanosomes which was regarded as representative of the natural material; and (2) the SF-melanin maintained its natural integrity. In conclusion, our enzymatic extraction method yielded highly purified products while maintaining the natural properties of the SF-melanin, which could be chemically, physically, morphologically, defined as eumelanin.     

泰和乌骨鸡鸡胚抗疲劳作用研究

研究泰和乌骨鸡鸡胚对小鼠抗疲劳作用。200只昆明种雄性小白鼠预饲1w后,随机分为十组,其中实验组为6、10、14日龄的鸡胚分别设4.8、2.4、1.2g/kg·d三个剂量组给小鼠灌胃,对照组灌胃生理盐水,0.4ml/只,连续30d后,测定小白鼠负重游泳时间、肝糖原(HG)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血乳酸(LD)等指标。结果显示鸡胚能够延长小鼠游泳时间,提高运动后LDH活力及HG的储备量;降低血LD和BUN的含量,提高小鼠运动耐力。10日龄鸡胚功效较好,表明泰和乌骨鸡鸡胚具有增强机体抗疲劳能力。     

乌鸡山珍调味酱的研制

鸟鸡山珍调味酱是以鸟鸡肉精膏、鸡枞菌、甜面酱为主要原料,配以植物油、胡椒粉、姜蒜粉、食盐等辅料,经调配、煮制等工序制成.在借鉴风味酱制作工艺的基础上,采用正交试验设计的方法对乌鸡山珍调味酱的配方进行了优化,最后根据试验结果确定了调味酱的最佳配方.     

Effect of different acids on the extraction of pepsin-solubilised collagen containing melanin from silky fowl feet

Four acid treatments: acetic acid (FA), citric acid (FC), hydrochloric acid (FH) and lactic acid (FL) were used in this study to extract the pepsin-solubilised collagen (PSC) containing melanin from silky fowl feet. The collagen content, melanin content, electrophoresis and ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra (200–400 nm) were determined in order to develop a collagen with UV protection. Among four acid extractions, the acetic acid treatment had both the highest extracting yield (7.3%) and collagen content (516.6 mg/g). PSCs obtained from silky fowl feet using four acid extractions exhibited melanin content; whereas no similar observations were found in that of broiler feet by acetic acid extraction (FB). Moreover, the PSC via acetic acid extraction resulted in the significantly highest melanin content (210 mg/g) (P < 0.05), which contributed to UV absorption. In electrophoresis, three subunits were found in PSCs from silky fowl feet using the four acid extractions, which were different from typical type I collagen and assumed that the PSCs obtained from silky fowl feet consisted of more than two types of collagens.     

Characterization and in vitro antioxidation of papain hydrolysate from black-bone silky fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson) muscle and its fractions

Black-bone silky fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson) (BSF) muscle was hydrolyzed by papain, and the hydrolysate was separated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The amino acid composition of the BSF hydrolysate (BSFH) and its fractions was determined by HPLC precolumn derivation with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. The molecular weight (MW) distribution of the BSFH and its fractions was measured by a peptide column on an HPLC system. Antioxidant activities of the BSFH and its fractions were studied by testing the reducing power and four radical scavenging systems: superoxide anion (O₂⁻), hydroxyl (·OH), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS⁺) radicals. The results demonstrated that the BSFH had strong antioxidant capacity to scavenge O₂⁻, DPPH and ABTS⁺, and displayed strong reducing power, but revealed less powerful ability to scavenge ·OH. Fraction II of the BSFH exhibited the highest activity in scavenging O₂⁻ and DPPH, and reducing power, whereas fraction I displayed the strongest ·OH scavenging ability. Besides Glu, Asp and Gly, the rich amino acids of Ala and Leu played an important role in antioxidant activity. The small-size peptides with MW ranging from approximately 200-6000 Da probably contributed to higher antioxidant activity. Results from this study indicated that BSFH and its fractions could be used as food additives and diet nutrients.     

泰和乌骨鸡活性肽补血作用研究

目的：探讨泰和乌骨鸡活性肽体内补血作用。方法：利用失血法和骨髓抑制药物氟尿嘧啶注射法联合建立小鼠血虚模型,并测定红细胞(RBC)和血红蛋白(HGB)水平,观察乌骨鸡活性肽及其一种分离活性肽(简称组分A)对血虚小鼠的补血作用。结果：活性肽组RBC 水平在第12 天时与血虚组相比差异显著(P ＜ 0.05);活性肽组在第6 至12 天期间升高RBC 和HGB 作用水平与阿胶组相比明显加快,具有显著性差异(P ＜ 0.05)。第18 天时活性肽组HGB 水平已超过各组水平,且与正常组相比具有显著性差异(P ＜ 0.05)。活性肽组分A 组的RBC 水平在各个时间点均高于血虚组,但均无显著性差异(P ＞ 0.05),活性肽组分A 组在第20 天时HGB 水平已与正常组无显著性差异(P ＞ 0.05),而血虚组和阿胶组仍与正常组有极显著差异(P ＜ 0.01)。结论：泰和乌骨鸡活性肽及活性肽组分A 能够在一定程度上提高氟尿嘧啶血虚模型小鼠的红细胞和血红蛋白水平,具有一定的补血作用。     

乌骨鸡黑色素的提取分离及抗氧化活性研究

采用双酶水解法提取乌骨鸡黑色素,研究碱液脱除蛋白,分离乌骨鸡黑色素的工艺条件。以腹腔注射D-半乳糖法建立小鼠氧化损伤模型,灌胃给予不同剂量乌骨鸡黑色素(500、250、100mg/kg bw),观察其抗氧化活性。结果表明：碱液脱除蛋白分离乌骨鸡黑色素的最佳工艺条件为NaOH 溶液(pH10),温度60℃,时间1.5h,料液比1:10,提取4 次。与模型组比较,乌骨鸡黑色素组小鼠血和肝脏中GSH-Px 活力显著升高,MDA 水平显著降低。乌骨鸡黑色素具有较强的体内抗氧化作用。     

乌鸡精、乌鸡肽和乌鸡汤蛋白质含量及相对分子质量分布的比较

文中对乌鸡精、乌鸡肽和乌鸡汤蛋白质含量及蛋白质相对分子质量分布区间进行了比较。结果表明:乌鸡肽总蛋白质含量为84.18%,酸溶蛋白质含量为83.10%,明显高于乌鸡精和乌鸡汤;乌鸡肽的小分子蛋白质含量更高,相对分子质量140-1 000的占92.59%,更利于人体的吸收。