内循环好氧三相流化床处理造纸中段废水

本实验采用内循环好氧三相流化床处造纸中段废水，经过一段时间的驯化，获得了稳定的出水。CDO去除经保持在65％以上，系统对进水污染负荷的变化具有较大的承受能力。出水Cl^-的浓度有所增加，说明驯化后的微生物可能对有抽氯化物具有一定的降解作用。水气比在1／120至1／140之间可获得最好的COD去除效果。后进行絮凝处理后，出水COD降为60－80mg/L,BODo 50-60/L，色度为100－150CU，挥发性酚的质量浓度小于0．0265mg／L。     

邻苯二甲酸酯鼓泡生物降解

该课题测试了邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的鼓泡生物降解行为。结果表明，邻苯二甲酸酯的降解速率常数（kb)与其烷基链长度之间存在良好的相关性，kb=0.0009x^2-0.019x 0.1123，相关系数r=0.9906；浓度超过500mg/L时，邻苯二甲酸二乙酯可抑制自身的生物降解；中间产物邻苯二甲酸浓度超过50mg/L时，也对邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的生物降解有明显的抑制作用。     

Nutrient removal performance of an anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic process as a function of influent C/P ratio

The laboratory scale anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic (A²O) process fed with synthetic brewage wastewater was designed to investigate the effects of changing feed C/P ratio on the performance of biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes. In the experiment, the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was kept at approximately 300 mg L^?1 while the total phosphorus concentration was varied to obtain the desired C/P ratio. Results showed that when the C/P ratio was lower than 32, phosphorus removal efficiency increased as C/P ratio increased linearly, while when the C/P ratio was higher than 32, the P removal efficiency was maintained at 90–98%, and effluent P concentration was lower than 0.5 mg L^?1. However, regardless of the C/P ratio, excellent COD removal (90% or higher) and good total nitrogen removal (75–84%) were maintained throughout the experiments. It was also found that very good linear correlation was obtained between COD uptake per unit P released in the anaerobic zone and C/P ratio. In addition, the P content in the wasted activated sludge increased with the decrease in the C/P ratio. Based on the results, it was recommended that the wastewater C/P ratio and its effects be incorporated into BNR design and operational procedures, appropriate C/P ratios were used to achieve the effluent treatment goals. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Bacteriological Safety of Swine Carcasses Treated with Reconditioned Water

Swine carcass microflora were evaluated for selected foodborne pathogens after exposure to reconditioned water during scalding, dehairing, and polishing operations. Reused water had been reconditioned and chlorinated. Rodac plates applied to hams were used to assess carcass microflora. Water samples were enumerated using membrane filtration or spiral plating. Sampling was at mid-week throughout the year. Total aerobic plate counts on hams were unaffected by treating with potable or reconditioned waters. No differences were observed for staphylococci, enterics, fecal streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes, coliforms, and Aeromonas levels. A preevisceration potable water carcass wash reduced the bacterial load, regardless of initial treatment. Bacterial counts on carcasses paralleled those in water. Reuse is an alternative to potable water for initial slaughter operations without diminishing bacteriologic safety.     

气浮池──稳定塘处理造纸废水

叙述了用气浮地→厌氧塘→兼性塘处理造纸废水的试验与设计。经运行后测定，出水达到了天津市水污染物排放标准的要求。气浮池采用３０％的回流比，提高了处理效率，每天可回收纸板原料８．４～１０．８ｔ。     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术的研究进展

评述了近年来城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术的研究进展,重点介绍了生物处理的新方法:ANAMMOX–SHARON组合法、好氧同步脱氮除磷法和倒置A2/O法,并比较了各种工艺的优缺点。指出反硝化聚磷技术在倒置A2/O工艺中的应用将成为城市污水同步脱氮除磷研究的一个重要发展方向。     

电气石对好氧反硝化菌株反硝化特性的影响

用化学全分析、扫描电镜、Bruauer-Emmett-Teller法和粒度分析仪对内蒙赤峰电气石进行测试表征,研究了电气石对好氧反硝化菌株反硝化特性的影响.结果表明:电气石能够促进好氧反硝化菌株的生长繁殖,纯培养16 h后,细菌数量增加384%.电气石还可以增强好氧反硝化菌株的反硝化能力,与未投加电气石的相比较,NO-3-N,NO-2-N,化学需氧量的浓度降低,总氮去除率提高32.8%.电气石对菌液体系的氧化还原电位具有调控作用,可以使体系的氧化还原电位降低20%,这一作用可能是电气石提高好氧反硝化菌株反硝化能力的重要因素.     

好氧颗粒污泥对钇离子的吸附/解吸性能

为实现稀土尾水中钇离子（Y3+）的回收，探究了好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）对Y3+的吸附-解吸附效果。考察了混合方式、初始Y3+浓度、pH、盐度、铅离子及粒径对AGS吸附效果的影响。相比于搅拌及振荡，曝气混合下AGS具有更好的吸附效果，80%以上的吸附在前10 min完成。当初始Y3+浓度<50 mg/L时，AGS能完全吸附废水中Y3+离子，此后吸附率随着Y3+浓度的增大而减小。H+、Na+和Pb2+会与Y3+竞争AGS上的吸附位点，导致吸附率减小。0.6～1.0 mm的AGS吸附容量最大，2.4～3.0 mm的AGS经人工破碎后吸附容量增大15%。对吸附过程进行动力学和热力学拟合。动力学符合伪二级模型（R2=0.9999），表明化学吸附起主导作用；Webber-Morris方程分析表明颗粒内扩散是影响吸附速率的主要因素。热力学符合Langmuir模型（R2=0.9849），表明吸附过程是一个单分子层吸附过程，拟合得到最大吸附量为Qmax=24.39 mg/gSS。利用XPS对吸附前后AGS进行表征，发现参与吸附官能团有酯基、羧基、氨基，同时与K+进行离子交换，钇在AGS表面的主要化学态是Y2(CO3)3。探究了硝酸及氯化铵对吸附饱和AGS的解吸效果。HNO3的单次解吸附率（99%）明显高于NH4Cl（64%），但五次吸附-解吸附循环后，HNO3组解吸附率降至10%，NH4Cl组解吸附率仍维持在50%。     

N,N,N-三甲基-2,3-二(硬脂酰氧基)丙基氯化铵(CDESA)的生物降解性

采用活性环氧中间体失水甘油基三甲基氯化铵合成了一种阳离子双酯表面活性剂——N,N,N-三甲基-2,3-二(硬脂酰氧基)丙基氯化铵(CDESA),来代替传统的难降解的表面活性剂型柔软剂,如目前国内仍在大量使用的双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(D1821)。对CDESA的好氧降解性能进行了研究:以天然环境中的生活沉降污泥作为微生物源,用河水稀释,经培养、驯化后用于测试降解时间和半衰期,并与D1821的好氧降解性能作了对比。结果表明,CDESA的半衰期为3 d,容易降解,而D1821半衰期为7 d,较难降解,CDESA生物降解性能优于D1821。     

稠油污水的有机组成及可生化性研究

采用物化-厌氧-好氧法处理稠油污水,对物化生化处理各阶段出水的有机组分进行定性分析,并对稠油污水的可生化性进行了进一步研究。研究结果表明:不同处理工序出水的有机成分差异较大,经过气浮、厌氧处理后,稠油污水可生化性逐步提高,有利后续好氧生物处理。