绿色蕨菜贮藏加工的研究

概述了在pH8.0的烫漂液中加锌盐对绿色蕨菜进行贮藏加工的技术,结果非常满意,克服了传统腌制蕨菜营养损失以及钠离子含量过高问题。     

The allelopathic mechanisms of dominance in bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) in Southern California

Bracken,Pteridium aquilinum, exerts a strong dominance over associated plants throughout much of its worldwide range. Associated plants are often severely inhibited or even excluded from dense stands of the fern. This study investigated the various aspects of herb suppression in bracken stands and assessed the contribution of the various forms of interference between plants to the establishment and maintenance of bracken dominance. It was shown that competition for soil moisture, light, and nutrients could not account for the lack of herbs in bracken stands. Further, uniformity of soil pH, texture, water-holding capacity, and organic matter content ruled out variability in physical factors as a cause. Baiting and trapping experiments showed that the higher concentration of animal activity inside the bracken stands contributed significantly to the pattern of herb suppression, but only against select species. The maintenance of this pattern in the animal-free Santa Cruz Island stands indicates the importance of another factor, allelopathy. It was found that phytotoxins leached from the dead, standing bracken fronds with the first few rains of the wet season were largely responsible for herb suppression. These toxins were isolated in raindrip and from soil inside the fern stands. Removal of the fronds from the stand before the rains could leach them resulted in reinvasion by the herbs after several seasons, and, conversely, placing fronds over the herbs in the grassland brought about herb inhibition. A number of known allelopathic chemicals were tentatively identified from bracken leachates. The importance of the interaction of allelopathy with other factors of plant interference is illustrated by bracken.     

陕南蕨菜有效成分的分析

为了充分利用蕨菜植物资源,对陕南蕨菜的有效成份中的总脂肪、总黄酮和总多糖进行了分析,分别采用索氏提取法、比色法和苯酚-硫酸法等测定.结果表明:蕨菜中总脂肪、总黄酮总和总多糖含量分别为:2.13%,2.20%和8.22%.     

蕨菜护色工艺条件优化

以凉山州新鲜蕨菜为原料,研究烫漂、护色工艺条件对蕨菜质量的影响。试验结果表明,最佳烫漂工艺条件是温度90℃,时间4 min,NaCl浓度0.5%;最佳护色工艺条件研究结果是:pH 4,Cu(COOH)2浓度300 mg/kg,时间25 min。     

发酵法生产灵芝-蕨渣菌质可溶性膳食纤维的工艺优化

为了获得发酵法制备灵芝-蕨渣菌质可溶性膳食纤维的最适工艺参数,以基质蕨渣比例、基质含水量和培养温度为因子,以可溶性膳食纤维得率为响应值,采用响应面试验设计进行试验。结果表明：可溶性膳食纤维最适制备条件为基质蕨渣质量分数84%、基质含水量为63%、培养温度27℃。在此条件下,可溶性膳食纤维得率的预测值为13.034%,验证实验所得可溶性膳食纤维得率为12.885%。回归方程的预测值和实验值差异不显著,所得回归模型拟合情况良好,达到设计要求。在本实验优化的条件下,以发酵法制备灵芝-蕨渣菌质的可溶性膳食纤维得率(12.885%)显著高于蕨渣原料的可溶性膳食纤维得率(1.733%)。     

含铜复绿剂对腌渍蕨菜的复绿效果及铜含量变化研究

目的确定腌制蕨菜复绿的最佳工艺条件,并比较复绿前后铜元素含量。方法以醋酸铜复绿剂不同浓度、不同烫漂时间、不同烫漂温度为因素的进行单因素及正交试验,采用色差仪测定复绿前后腌制蕨菜的色泽变化,利用火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定复绿前后腌制蕨菜的铜元素含量。结果醋酸铜复绿剂最佳复绿工艺条件为:烫漂温度95℃,烫漂时间8 min,复绿剂浓度200 mg/L,复绿前腌制蕨菜中铜元素含量为2.08mg/kg,复绿后铜元素含量为4.61 mg/kg。结论醋酸铜复绿剂对腌制蕨菜有复绿效果,最佳复绿工艺条件下蕨菜中铜含量虽符合林业行业限量标准,但含铜复绿剂也不宜使用过多。     

Mercury removal: a physicochemical study of metal interaction with natural materials

BACKGROUND: Mercury is considered one of the most harmful heavy metals to the environment and human health, so recently remediation processes have been developed to eliminate this metal from wastewaters. Metal retention by natural polymers is a good alternative technique to remove heavy metals from solution. RESULTS: A screening of 25 potential mercury sorbents was carried out at three different pH values in order to find appropriate biomass to remove this metal from polluted waters. High sorption capacities were found for many of the materials studied. Four of these materials were selected for further detailed study. Kinetic studies showed short times to reach equilibrium. For S. muticum, sorption isotherms were obtained at several temperatures and a sorption enthalpy value was obtained. Desorption experiments were performed to determine the possibility for recycling of this brown alga. CONCLUSIONS: Different materials have been found to be potentially good adsorbents of mercury. A detailed study showed that S. muticum is an excellent material with a mercury uptake about 200 mg g^?1. This brown alga has a fast kinetic process (80% of metal is removed from solution in 30 min), and very high metal uptake over a wide pH range, up to 92% elimination for pH values above 3–4. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Distribution of the carcinogenic terpene ptaquiloside in bracken fronds,rhizomes (Pteridium aquilinum), and litter in Denmark

The distribution of ptaquiloside (PTA) was studied in four Danish bracken populations in order to evaluate the transfer of PTA from ferns to soil. Populations showed statistically significant differences in PTA contents of fronds and rhizomes despite large in-site variations. The highest concentrations were encountered in fronds with concentrations ranging between 213 and 2145 g/g, while rhizomes had concentrations between 11 and 902 g/g. PTA was present in soil materials in amounts of 0.22–8.49 g/g but apparently with no correlation with PTA contents of fronds or rhizomes. Laboratory tests showed that water could leach PTA from bracken fronds, which is in support of the high soil contents observed at sites exposed to heavy showers just before sampling. The observed soil contents correspond to estimated soil solution concentrations of 200–8500 g/liter, demonstrating a substantial risk of PTA contamination of surface water and groundwater.     

Physicochemical Properties of Starch Isolated from Bracken (Pteridium aquilinim) Rhizome

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) is an important wild plant starch resource worldwide. In this work, starch was separated from bracken rhizome, and the physicochemical properties of this starch were systematically investigated and compared with 2 other common starches, that is, starches from waxy maize and potato. There were significant differences in shape, birefringence patterns, size distribution, and amylose content between bracken and the 2 other starches. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that bracken starch exhibited a typical C‐type crystalline structure. Bracken starch presented, respectively, lower and higher relative degree of crystallinity than waxy maize and potato starches. Ordered structures in particle surface differed among these 3 starches. The swelling power tendency of bracken starch in different temperature intervals was very similar to that of potato starch. The viscosity parameters during gelatinization were the lowest in waxy maize, followed by bracken and potato starches. The contents of 3 nutritional components, that is, rapidly digestible, slowly digestible, and resistant starches in native, gelatinized, and retrograded starch from bracken rhizome presented more similarities with potato starch than waxy maize starch. These finding indicated that physicochemical properties of bracken starch showed more similarities with potato starch than waxy maize starch.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蕨菜中原蕨苷的含量

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)测定蕨菜中原蕨苷的含量。方法以DNA加合物为指导分离原蕨苷对照品,采用Agilent Zorbax Extend C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),以乙腈和超纯水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为0.4 m L/min,柱温30℃,多反应模式监测,内标法定量。结果原蕨苷在进样质量浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r2=0.9967),平均加标回收率为91.17%~93.03%,相对标准偏差为5.60%~6.91%。结论该方法快速、灵敏度高、专属性好,可用于测定蕨菜中原蕨苷的含量。