一种新的非离子型乳化液膜体系的稳定性研究

制备了一种新的非离子型乳化液膜体系OP-4/D2EHPA/液体石蜡/煤油/盐酸,通过测定乳液电导率、破损率、溶胀率、乳滴粒径大小等,研究了乳化剂浓度、油内比、D2EHPA皂化度、内相盐酸浓度以及温度等因素对乳液稳定性的影响,并与以液膜传统专用乳化剂Span80、ENJ-3029、兰-113A所制得的W/O型乳液进行了加热破乳对比实验。结果表明该乳液体系表现出两个异常的稳定特性:(1)随着OP-4浓度的增加,乳液稳定性呈现先增加后下降的现象,OP-4在油相中的浓度为3%～5%(wt)时,乳液的稳定性较好。(2)当温度低于45℃时乳液表现出相当好的稳定性,温度超过50℃后乳液稳定性急剧下降。加热破乳对比实验表明,该乳液在60℃加热破乳10min,破乳率达100%,而分别以专用乳化剂Span80、ENJ-3029、兰-113A制备的乳液在60℃下加热60min仍不能破乳。通过控制适当条件,可以制备常温稳定性好而加热条件下容易破乳的乳化液膜体系。     

水酶法提取植物油脂技术研究进展

水酶法是在水代法基础上发展起来的一种现代提取植物油脂新技术。水酶法主要利用生物酶的酶解作用促进植物油脂的游离,与传统压榨法、有机溶剂浸出法及超临界萃取法等相比,其工艺简单,对设备的要求低,无高温处理及有机溶剂残留,油脂品质更好。因此,水酶法是一种"绿色、安全、营养"的提油新技术。本文介绍了水酶法提取植物油脂的技术原理及工艺特点,生物酶的选择与生物酶在水酶法提油中的应用现状,比较了水酶法与其他传统方法制备的植物油脂的品质;并重点讨论了水酶法提取植物油脂技术研究的关键问题,即:水酶法提油过程中乳化液的形成机制及破乳技术;同时,针对水酶法提油技术存在的用酶量大、成本较高及废水处理等问题提出了可能的解决途径,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

翼片框离心分离技术处理老乳化油研究与应用

老乳化油含有大量机械杂质并富集有大量胶质沥青质等,难以通过自然沉降进行有效分离。鉴于此,研究了翼片框离心分离技术。该技术是在加药、加温等预处理基础上,再经过多级离心分离系统对老乳化油进行分离,达到分离分层或使液体中固体颗粒沉降的目的。通过室内试验对翼片框离心分离机的参数进行优化,并结合现场实际情况确定破乳絮凝剂最佳质量浓度为200 mg/L,翼片框离心分离机运行温度为45℃,翼片旋转转速为3 000 r/min。现场试验结果表明,采用翼片框离心分离技术处理后的原油含水质量分数低于0.3%,污水中油的质量浓度低于120 mg/L,固体杂质去除率达到92.1%。     

化学破乳预处理二次冷轧废乳化液的研究

二次冷轧过程产生的废乳化液COD值高达20.00mg/L以上,由于其成分复杂,在钢铁企业广泛应 用的超滤预处理方法不能满足后续的生化处理要求。为此,采用化学混凝法对二次冷轧废乳化液进行了预处理。实验结果表明,改性聚合硫酸铁对二次冷轧废乳化液具有良好的破乳作用;用于处理500ml二次冷轧废乳化液的最佳条件为：改性聚合硫酸铁的用量4ml,絮凝剂PAM的用量0.3ml,ph值为8左右,沉降时间20min,COD去除率可达到98%以上,在实际工程中得以应用,取得了满意效果。     

生物优势菌破乳剂的制备及性能研究

本文将优势菌技术应用于生物破乳剂的制备研究。从菌种采集开始,经增殖及定向培养,得到了可用于O/W型乳状液破乳的优势菌群,并对其破乳性能及影响破乳性能的主要因素进行了研究。试验结果表明,在破乳时间48h,生物优势菌破乳剂的破乳效率可达约90%。破乳菌浓度、pH值、破乳时间、菌龄等对破乳性能产生影响,而灭菌处理对破乳性能无明显影响。     

Photothermal Investigations of De-Emulsification of Fat/Water-Based Pasty Materials: Margarine

In this work a fat/water-based emulsion pasty system, margarine, is studied from the point of view of its photothermal response at temperatures of the sample near and across the temperature region at which the emulsion breaks apart. The emulsion decay has also been observed at a fixed sample temperature through the temporal behavior of its photothermal response. For these studies, two different frequency-dependent photothermal experimental techniques have been used: photo-pyroelectric detection schemes, as well as infrared radiometry. Whereas the photo-pyroelectric technique has been applied to extract integral thermal information, the photothermal infrared radiometry has been used to explore aspects concerning the sample's thermal depth profile.     

拉丝润滑废弃液的处理

本文简要介绍了乳状液 (拉丝润滑油 )的性质 ,乳状液的几种破乳方法及线缆行业使用的乳状液废弃处理方式     

In-situ monitoring of decane-in-water emulsion during microwave irradiation

Microwave (MW)-assisted de-emulsification has been attractive in processes of petroleum production and refining. However, the mechanism and optimal operation remain poorly understood. In this study, the behaviour of decane-in-water emulsion under MW irradiation was monitored in-situ through a size measurement system equipped with the reactor and surface tension profiles. The results indicated that the bubble was formed around the oil droplet during MW irradiation. The MW-induced bubbles can enhance de-emulsification in a similar mechanism as the flotation column. The efficiency of MW de-emulsification depends on emulsion content and MW power. Although a higher MW power is more effective, boiling caused by excessive energy must be considered due to the higher local heating. As a result, moderate power is more desirable. For the decane-in-water emulsions in this study, the optimal condition was determined to be around 500 W.