ANALYSIS OF CAPSAICIN AND DIHYDROCAPSAICIN IN HOT PEPPERS BY ULTRASOUND ASSISTED EXTRACTION FOLLOWED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY

A simple method for the analysis of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in peppers by ultrasound assisted extraction (USAE) followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been developed. USAE conditions were optimized by experimental design in order to maximize analyte extraction. A full factorial design involving extraction variables such as solvent (ethanol and water), extraction time (5–25 min), extraction temperature (25–50 °C), sample amount (0.25–0.5 g), and ultrasound amplitude (40–80%) was applied. The most significant conditions for capsaicinoid extraction by USAE were solvent type, extraction time, and sample amount. The obtained results were compared with other extraction methods: the official Soxhlet method and a previously reported solid phase microextraction method. Results showed that the extraction efficiency with the application of USAE (98%) was as good as that obtained with Soxhlet and the precision of recovery was less than 5%; in addition, the extraction time was decreased from 5 h to 25 min. The GC-MS analytical method was linear in the range 10–100 μg/mL for capsaicin and dihydrocpsaicin with correlation coefficient r = 0.998 and peak area variability of ～1% for both capsaicinoids. The method was applied to the analysis of 11 varieties of hot peppers cultivated in México. A large concentration range for capsaicin (101–6800 μg/g) and dihydrocapsaicin (110–2736 μg/g) was found in these pepper samples.     

Pro- or antioxygenic activity of tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala) and red chilli (Capsicum annum) in sunflower oil

The pro- or antioxygenic activity of tejpat and red chilli, their fractions extracted using various solvents, and of chlorophyll, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were determined in refined sunflower oil at 37 °C. Tejpat and its fractions containing chlorophyll showed pro-oxygenic activity and the catalytic action increased with increase in concentration of chlorophyll in the fractions. On the other hand, fractions which did not contain chlorophyll, such as the aqueous extract, and chlorophyll-free spice or fractions freed of chlorophyll by column chromatography were devoid of pro-oxygenic activity. The ground red chilli and its 80:20 (v/v) ethanol/water fraction exhibited strong antioxygenic activity. On the other hand, the petroleum ether fraction showed marginal antioxygenic activity, whereas the water-soluble fraction was practically devoid of any activity in refined sunflower oil. The pungent constituents of red chilli, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin also exhibited considerable antioxygenic activity. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

LC-MS/MS法测定食用油中的辣椒素和二氢辣椒素

建立了用氨基固相萃取小柱净化提取液,液相色谱串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）法测定食用油中辣椒素和二氢辣椒素含量的检测方法。结果表明,辣椒素在0～100 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好（R2 = 0.998 6）,平均回收率在70.6%～90.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=3）在3.1%～8.9%,检出限为0.03 μg/kg;二氢辣椒素在0～20 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好（R2 = 0.998 8）,平均回收率在71.5%～100.7%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=3）在6.0%～13.2%,检出限为0.006 μg/kg。该方法简便快速、准确可靠,是鉴别地沟油和测定食用油中辣椒素类物质的有效方法。     

双波长高效液相色谱法分析催泪喷射器内容物

建立了采用双波长,利用简单流动相组成测定催泪喷射器中各有效成分的反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇：水(80:20,V/V),流速0.8 mL／min,柱温25℃;紫外检测波长为227 nm和300 nm.能够清楚地分辨催泪喷射器内容物中主要的3种成分：邻氯苯亚甲基丙二腈(CS),辣椒素(OC)和二氢辣椒素(DC)．该方法简便快捷,线性关系良好,结果准确可靠,对建立催泪喷射器内容物检测的新质量标准具有参考作用。     

辣椒素提取方法研究进展

辣椒素是辣椒的主要辛辣成分。本文主要对辣椒素研究概况及生物学功能进行了综述,并对不同的辣椒素提取方法进行了探讨;同时对辣椒素的应用前景进行了展望。     

HPLC Analysis of Capsaicinoids Extracted from Whole Orange Habañero Chili Peppers

ABSTRACT: A rapid, single-stage, quantitative extraction procedure is described for high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in whole chili peppers. Individual and multiple Capsicum chinense (orange habañero) pepper samples were analyzed in a 2 y study. Peppers, both undried and dried, contained average values of 1250 ppm capsaicin and 540 ppm dihydrocapsaicin relative to undried weight. Relative to dry weight, the orange habañero peppers contained 8840 ppm capsaicin and 3940 ppm dihydrocapsaicin.     

Dihydrocapsaicin Oxidation by Capsicum annuum (var. annuum) Peroxidase

Oxidation of dihydrocapsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonanamide) by peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) from Capsicum annuum var. annuum fruits yielded one absorbent oxidation product with E₂₆₂= 4.7 10³ M^?1 cm^?1. Dependence of oxidation rate on dihydrocapsaicin and H₂O₂ concentrations revealed Michaelis-Menten type kinetics with inhibition at high substrate concentrations and optimal pH near 6.0. Dihydrocapsaicin was oxidized by pepper peroxidase, and participation of peroxidase in capsaicinoid metabolism of pepper fruits should be taken into account.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法快速检测植物油中的辣椒素和二氢辣椒素

以加标植物油为研究对象,通过优化前处理条件,用有机溶剂一步萃取植物油中的辣椒素和二氢辣椒素,再结合高效液相色谱和荧光检测器,建立了一种植物油中辣椒素、二氢辣椒素的快速检测方法。优化的前处理条件为：甲醇为萃取溶剂,萃取溶剂体积30 mL（油样质量30 g）,萃取次数2次,每次萃取时间10 min。优化条件下,辣椒素、二氢辣椒素的回收率为81.08%～100.28%,日内、日间相对标准偏差分别在0.18%～1.92%和0.55%～5.14%范围内,两种目标物的检出限均为5 μg/kg。该方法前处理较为简单,省时省力、检测成本较低、实用性强,为植物油中辣椒素、二氢辣椒素提供了一种新的检测方法。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定辣椒中4种辣椒碱类成分的含量

目的：建立同时测定辣椒中辣椒素、二氢辣椒素、降二氢辣椒素和高辣椒素 4 种辣椒碱类成分的反相高效液相色谱方法,并对30个辣椒品种中辣椒碱含量进行比较。方法：采用Nucleosil C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相乙腈-水,梯度洗脱;柱温45℃;流速1.0mL/min;检测波长280nm。结果：辣椒素、二氢辣椒素、降二氢辣椒素和高辣椒素的线性关系良好,范围均为1.0～160.0μg/mL,相关系数在0.9965～0.9993之间,精密度、稳定性实验的相对标准偏差均低于2.7%,加标回收率介于97%～99%。辣椒碱在不同辣椒品种中含量差异显著。结论：对30个样品测定结果稳定,重现性好。当辣椒素和二氢辣椒素含量大于0.1%时,辣椒有明显的辣感。