α-丙二醇-水相中氯代二噁英的催化加氢脱氯降解

二噁英类物质由于具有亲脂性、高毒性、化学结构稳定、难生物降解而在环境中持久存在,成为持久性有机污染物的典型代表.二嗯英的去除方法研究,一直是国际研究的热点.以5％钯/炭为催化剂,氢气作为氢源,以环境友好的α-丙二醇-水为溶剂,在1 mol/L氢氧化钠的碱性条件下,研究了1,2,7,8-四氯代二噁英（1,2,7,8-TCDD）的催化加氢脱氯降解.探讨了反应温度、初始浓度、反应时间、催化剂用量等对1,2,7,8-TCDD去除率的影响.结果表明,在反应初期（前5 min）,反应速率较快;在反应温度为45℃,催化剂用量为0.5 g/mL,反应时间为150 min的条件下,1,2,7,8-TCDD的去除率达97.0％;初始浓度对1,2,7,8-TCDD的去除率没有影响.初步试验结果表明,催化加氢脱氯降解是去除环境中氯代二嗯英的有效手段,但实际应用还有待于进一步研究.     

二噁英半抗原中间体的合成研究

二噁英类化合物是一类重要的持久性有机污染物,它对环境及人体的危害引起了广泛关注。酶联免疫分析(ELISA)技术是实现高效检测环境中二噁英残留的重要方法,而酶联免疫分析的关键基础是半抗原的合成。对二噁英半抗原合成中的核心步骤进行了详尽地探索,确定了此类反应的最佳反应条件:常温、甲苯为溶剂、0.015 mol氢化钠为碱、催化剂15-冠-5-醚的加入量为n(15-冠-5-醚)∶n(4-氯-3-硝基苯甲醛)=0.02∶1。     

钢铁行业二噁英的形成机理及降解方法研究现状

雾霾天气的日益严重使得国家环保部门更加关注大气污染问题,而造成雾霾天气的大气污染物也越来越被熟知并分类治理.在中国二氧化硫和氮氧化物已经进入治理末端阶段,二噁英的治理还处于一个萌芽阶段.二噁英是迄今为止科研领域发现的无意识副产品中毒性最强的化合物之一,对人体的毒性主要体现在伤害的不可逆.介绍了二噁英的形成机理和降解方法...     

Iron Ore Sintering: Environment,Automatic, and Control Techniques

Sintering is a process of agglomeration of iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slag-forming elements, and coke with the purpose of achieving an agglomerated product with the suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be used as burden material in the blast furnace. However, the sintering process accounts for an important percentage of the ironmaking and steelmaking emissions, so the minimization of them will promote environmental and health improvements as well as economical profitability. Automatic and control systems contribute to all these objectives.     

Evaluation of potential human health risk associated with consumption of edible products from livestock fed ration supplemented with Red Lake Diatomaceous Earth

ABSTRACT

Red Lake Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is a naturally occurring blend of diatomaceous earth and calcium bentonite that can be used as an anti-caking agent in animal feed and contains naturally occurring dioxins. A quantitative risk assessment was conducted to assess potential human health risk associated with consumption of edible tissues from livestock exposed to dioxins via feed containing Red Lake DE. Empirical data characterising the transfer of dioxins to eggs and other tissues in chickens demonstrate that resulting concentrations in eggs are lower than those found in the general food supply. These data also provided product-specific input for a risk assessment conducted both with default parameters and with media-specific input from the feed study. Results demonstrate that exposure to dioxins in edible tissue from livestock that consumed Red Lake DE in feed would not be associated with an increased risk to humans. Findings from this assessment highlight the utility and importance of accounting for bioavailability as part of health-based risk assessment and provide information critical to risk managers in determining the safe use of Red Lake DE as an anticaking agent in livestock and pet feed.     

Assessment of PCDD/F,PCB, OCP and BPA dietary exposure of non-breast-fed European infants

The aim of this study is to obtain data on the exposure of non-breast-fed infants to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), organochlorine pesticides (OCP), and bisphenol A (BPA) and its chlorinated derivatives through consumption of commercial infant foods with largest shares of the market in 22 European Union countries. The E-Screen bioassay was employed to assess the oestrogenicity of the baby foods and the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) induction was measured to determine the levels of PCDD/F and PCB. Consequently, the highest total effective xenoestrogen burden (TEXB) of 73.60?pM?Eeq?g^?1 was found in the soy-based formula and the EROD bioassay was always below the limit of quantification (LOQ) (3.5?pg?g^?1). Overall, the estimated dietary exposure to BPA via commercial baby foods was lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 50?µg?kg^?1 body weight (bw). Furthermore, the findings indicated that the dietary exposure of 0–9-month-old infants through the products investigated here does not exceed the maximum TDI of 4?pg WHO-TEQ (toxic equivalents)?kg^?1 bw. However, exposure to more than 2?pg WHO-TEQ?kg^?1?bw?day^?1 might occur for 0–4-month-old infants consuming ‘starting’ hypoallergenic formula. Moreover, analysis of OCP indicated that the dietary exposure of non-breast-fed infants was not harmful. Considering the importance of early development and the vulnerability of infants and children, it is essential to determine their dietary exposure to contaminants in order to decide which efforts of risk reduction should receive highest priority.     

纸浆漂白过程中二恶英的污染及其防治

本文介绍了造纸工业中二恶英的形成机理及危害，并对二恶英污染的防治措施进行了综述。     

二恶英零排放生活垃圾气化熔融制气技术

对近年来所研制的被称为21世纪的二恶英零排放城市生活垃圾气化熔融制气技术加以介绍，该技术将城市生活垃圾在500－600℃温度下的热解气化制得可燃气体，将制得的气体根据用途再进一步精制；垃圾中95％以上的含氯物质经除去后，所剩下的含碳灰渣在温度为1500℃以上的熔融燃烧设备中进行熔融处理，原垃圾99.8%以上的二恶英可被分解掉，熔融渣则用建材，整修系统达到了垃圾综合利用和二恶英近似于零排放。     

Environmental issues related to end‐of‐life options of plastics containing brominated flame retardants

Bromine is used as the building block for some of the most effective flame retarding agents available to the plastics industry today. They are used to protect against the risk of accidental fires in a wide range of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE). Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), as all flame retardants, act to decrease the risk of fire by increasing the fire resistance of the materials in which they are applied. There is a perception that BFRs affect adversely the end‐of‐life management of plastics through formation of Polybrominated Dibenzo Dioxins and Dibenzo Furans (PBDD/F). In fact, there exists a wide range of data and practical experience demonstrating that the end‐of‐life management of plastics containing BFRs is fully compliant with legislation setting the strictest limit values for PBDD/F and is fully compatible with an integrated waste management concept. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Small and Large Scale Fire Experiments with Electric Cables under Well-Ventilated and Vitiated Conditions

Results from a series of small scale (using the DIN 53 436 tube furnace) and large scale experiments (using the IEC 60332-3 rig) are presented for two types of power transmission cables used in buildings. The results are unique in that they catalogue the production of a wide variety of organic and inorganic species under different fire conditions. The experiments were conducted to provide input to an LCA model and the specific organic species studied in detail have been chosen based on the information required by the LCA model.During the process of this study it became apparent that information concerning quantitative organic species evolution from cable fires is lacking in the open literature. This paper aims to provide such information for two specific sets of fire conditions, i.e., a well-ventilated and a vitiated cable riser fire.