竹红菌乙素对人红细胞膜蛋白荧光猝灭机理的研究

本文利用人红细胞膜蛋白内源荧光(主要指色氨酸),经加入不同的竹红菌乙素之后,引起了荧光猝灭现象,根据荧光猝灭原理分别从吸收光谱,荧光光谱,稳态变温实验和瞬态荧光等技术分析了上述的猝灭过程,实验证明:该猝灭是以动态碰撞过程为主要作用机理,据此作者提出了乙素可以用于生物膜体系的蛋白质荧光猝灭剂的理由。     

人红细胞老化过程中膜表面唾液酸变化的免疫AFM研究

分离人外周血的轻龄和老龄红细胞,采用麦胚凝集素和胶体金对红细胞表面的唾液酸残基进行细胞化学标记,然后在AFM下成像并进行数据分析.结果显示,老龄红细胞膜表面胶体金标记的颗粒数量明显低于轻龄红细胞表面,两者之间有显著差异.推测红细胞老化过程中细胞膜表面唾液酸含量的变化可能与老化细胞的处理机制有关.免疫胶体金标记结合原子力显微镜可在纳米尺度对膜受体蛋白进行定位和定量研究,拓展了原子力显微镜在生命科学领域的应用.     

两种稀土纳米材料对红细胞脆性的影响

为研究稀土纳米材料对红细胞脆性的影响，以豚鼠作为实验对象，将稀土纳米材料配成质量浓度分别为100g／L和500g／L的两种溶液，通过皮肤接触、口腔摄入、静脉注射和肌肉注射4种途径作用于豚鼠，采用红细胞脆性试验观察了动物血液指标之一——红细胞脆性的变化。结果发现，豚鼠接触该类稀土纳米材料后，红细胞的脆性与对照组相比升高。这说明稀土纳米材料对红细胞膜的结构产生了破坏，同时红细胞脆性的增加也表明该材料在豚鼠体内引起了遗传性球形红细胞增多症或自身免疫性溶血性贫血等疾病。     

几种中药对血液粘弹性和红细胞变形性的作用研究

用药物维持血液的正常流变状态和纠正血液的异常状态，是防病治病的重要措施之一．近年来，中医界有关学者对中药，特别是“活血化瘀”类中药的血液流变学进行了研究，但主要集中在药物对血液的表现粘度的影响方面．本文研究了茶叶、红花、山楂和枸杞四种中药对血液粘弹性和红细胞变形性的作用规律，并对作用机理进行了探讨．     

Singlet Oxygen Quenching Activities of Various Fruit and Vegetable Juices and Protective Effects of Apple and Pear Juices against Hematolysis and Protein Oxidation Induced by Methylene Blue Photosensitization

ABSTRACT:  Effects of various fruit and vegetable juices on rubrene oxidation induced by a chemical source of singlet oxygen in a microemulsion system have been studied. The singlet oxygen quenching activities of fruit and vegetable juices were greatly different with different juices. The apple and pear juices exhibited the highest antioxidative activity among the tested juices in singlet oxygen–induced rubrene oxidation, showing 56.69% and 59.34% inhibition, respectively. The grape, kumquat, red cabbage, and spinach juices also showed relatively strong antioxidative activity against singlet oxygen–induced rubrene oxidation. Lemon juice showed the least activity, resulting in 0.63% inhibition of rubrene oxidation. The singlet oxygen quenching activities of 1 mL of apple and pear juices were equivalent to 33.97 and 34.64 mg ascorbate, respectively. Singlet oxygen quenching activities of juices had very low correlation with both ABTS radical scavenging activity ( R ²= 0.11) and total phenolic contents ( R ² < 0.1). However, a high correlation ( R ²= 0.66) was found between the ABTS radical scavenging activities and total phenolic contents of juices. The apple and pear juices also significantly inhibited both erythrocyte lysis and protein oxidation induced by fluorescence light illumination in the presence of methylene blue. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy data showed that the protective activities of these juices against biological damages induced by photodynamic ways were, to at least some extent, due to their singlet oxygen quenching abilities. This represents first report on the singlet oxygen quenching activities of the apple and pear juices, and their protective activities against photodynamically induced biological damages.     

辐照药用淀粉的毒性研究

为确保人们食用的安全,对用~(60)Co-γ射线辐照5kGy的药用淀粉的毒性进行研究。通过90只Wistar大鼠的90天喂养试验及短期致突试验观察,证明辐照淀粉对大白鼠的生长、发育、食物利用率、血象、肝功能均无明显影响,亦未见骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率、染色体畸变率及多倍体增加,证明无遗传毒性反应。Ames试验也说明辐照淀粉不诱发DNA中碱基对的置换型和移码型突变。病理改变及脏器系数的变化与对照组无显著性差异,未显示出对脏器的毒性作用。经上述实验证明食用辐照淀粉是安全的。     

Babesia Bovis Ligand-Receptor Interaction: AMA-1 Contains Small Regions Governing Bovine Erythrocyte Binding

Apical membrane antigen 1 is a microneme protein which plays an indispensable role during Apicomplexa parasite invasion. The detailed mechanism of AMA-1 molecular interaction with its receptor on bovine erythrocytes has not been completely defined in Babesia bovis. This study was focused on identifying the minimum B. bovis AMA-1-derived regions governing specific and high-affinity binding to its target cells. Different approaches were used for detecting ama-1 locus genetic variability and natural selection signatures. The binding properties of twelve highly conserved 20-residue-long peptides were evaluated using a sensitive and specific binding assay based on radio-iodination. B. bovis AMA-1 ectodomain structure was modelled and refined using molecular modelling software. NetMHCIIpan software was used for calculating B- and T-cell epitopes. The B. bovis ama-1 gene had regions under functional constraint, having the highest negative selective pressure intensity in the Domain I encoding region. Interestingly, B. bovis AMA-1-DI (¹⁰⁰YMQKFDIPRNHGSGIYVDLG¹¹⁹ and ¹²⁰GYESVGSKSYRMPVGKCPVV¹³⁹) and DII (³⁰²CPMHPVRDAIFGKWSGGSCV³²¹)-derived peptides had high specificity interaction with erythrocytes and bound to a chymotrypsin and neuraminidase-treatment sensitive receptor. DI-derived peptides appear to be exposed on the protein’s surface and contain predicted B- and T-cell epitopes. These findings provide data (for the first-time) concerning B. bovis AMA-1 functional subunits which are important for establishing receptor-ligand interactions which could be used in synthetic vaccine development.     

Morphological changes induced in erythrocyte membrane by the antiepileptic treatment: An atomic force microscopy study

Atomic force microscopy (AFM), a powerful characterization tool widely applied in problems in a large range of disciplines of the natural sciences, including cellular biology, was used to obtain information about the morphological changes induced in the erythrocyte membrane at the patients with epilepsy that undergo a long time treatment that operates upon one or several neuronal ionic channels, comparative with a healthy donor. This technique allowed non‐invasive imaging of erythrocyte membrane, revealing details and specific characteristics down to the nanometer level with characterization of surface texture parameters, such as average height, average roughness and coefficient of kurtosis at micrometer/nanometer resolution. For the healthy donor the AFM morphology appears to have all the characteristics of a normal red blood cell membrane. Instead, the closer examination of the erythrocytes membrane surface morphology for the samples collected from the patients diagnosed with epilepsy and treated with specific drugs did not reveal similar structures with those obtained for the healthy donor. The nanostructure of the membrane was drastically damaged, depending on the administrated treatment, and probably in time will affect their functionality. Therefore, the anticomital drugs have influence not only at the neuronal level, but also at the red blood cell level.     

茶多酚对急性镉(Ⅱ)暴露小鼠红细胞及肝脏损伤的拮抗作用

目的:旨在评价茶多酚(TP)对CdCl2诱导的小鼠急性红细胞损伤及肝脏损伤的保护作用。方法:以8周龄昆明小鼠为研究对象,首先通过单次腹腔注射CdCl2(30μmol/L Cd2+/kg)溶液建立急性镉暴露小鼠损伤模型,后续用TP(100 mg/kg)腹腔注射5 d进行干预。检测小鼠红细胞渗透脆性、红细胞形态、血液及肝脏中Cd(Ⅱ)水平。测定小鼠血清中转氨酶酶活,肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA),并进行肝脏病理切片的组织学检验。结果:与空白对照组相比,急性镉暴露后导致小鼠肝脏和血液中的镉元素含量、血清转氨酶活性和红细胞渗透脆性的显著增加,以及内源性抗氧化酶活性显著降低。然而,在急性镉暴露后用TP处理小鼠可减轻CdCl2的氧化损伤,维持红细胞细胞膜,显著提高抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性,降低MDA水平,防止肝细胞组织形态学的改变。结论:TP不仅与Cd螯合,而且发挥抗氧化作用来减弱CdCl2对小鼠红细胞及肝脏组织的损伤。TP的摄入会降低Cd对血液系统和肝脏组织的损伤。