Real-time organic aerosol chemical speciation in the indoor environment using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Understanding the sources and composition of organic aerosol (OA) in indoor environments requires rapid measurements, since many emissions and processes have short timescales. However, real-time molecular-level OA measurements have not been reported indoors. Here, we present quantitative measurements, at a time resolution of five seconds, of molecular ions corresponding to diverse aerosol-phase species, by applying extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) to indoor air analysis for the first time, as part of the highly instrumented HOMEChem field study. We demonstrate how the complex spectra of EESI-MS are screened in order to extract chemical information and investigate the possibility of interference from gas-phase semivolatile species. During experiments that simulated the Thanksgiving US holiday meal preparation, EESI-MS quantified multiple species, including fatty acids, carbohydrates, siloxanes, and phthalates. Intercomparisons with Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer suggest that EESI-MS quantified a large fraction of OA. Comparisons with FIGAERO-CIMS shows similar signal levels and good correlation, with a range of 100 for the relative sensitivities. Comparisons with SV-TAG for phthalates and with SV-TAG and AMS for total siloxanes also show strong correlation. EESI-MS observations can be used with gas-phase measurements to identify co-emitted gas- and aerosol-phase species, and this is demonstrated using complementary gas-phase PTR-MS observations.     

裂解碳五馏分分离中取代二萃单元的研究

针对目前裂解碳五馏分分离流程中第二萃取单元的诸多问题,提出采用选择性加氢除去炔烃后再进行精馏的方法代替二萃单元,得到聚合级异戊二烯产品。研究结果表明,工艺流程的改进部分是可行的,具有流程短、安全可靠、能耗低、生产成本低、环境污染少、简化溶剂回收单元等优点。     

从120号溶剂油中提取正庚烷并回收甲基环己烷的研究

总结了国内外正庚烷的生产状况和市场行情，分析了中小型石化企业生产正庚烷的可行件，提出采用萃取精馏分离正庚烷的方法．在间歇精馏塔塔顶温度为91-101℃、塔釜为103-110℃的条件下，可以得到58％以上正庚烷和甲基环己烷的混合液．根据物质相关性质，初步确定有关萃取溶剂，利用单级循环汽液平衡釜对初选的萃取剂进行实验研究，选定乙二醇作为萃取剂，为进一步实验研究提供依据．     

New strategies for separations through reactions

Separations through reactions can provide reliable and economically viable alternatives to established methods of separation, particularly for close boiling substances. New strategies in ‘Dissociation Extraction’ and ‘Dissociation Extractive Crystallization’ for separation of close boiling acidic/basic mixtures have been highlighted. Separations with aqueous solutions of hydrotrope and aqueous micellar solutions have been brought out. Separations by membranes with facilitated transport is potentially attractive. This paper is dedicated to Dr L K Doraiswamy on his sixtieth birthday.     

甲醇与碳酸二甲酯共沸液的分离研究进展

综述了DMC-CH_3OH二元共沸液的各种分离方法。讨论了共沸精馏和萃取精馏的工艺流程。     

萃取精馏回收环己烷的双组分溶剂的研究

在研究萃取精馏分离回收环己烷的单溶剂的基础上，研究了双组分溶剂。当剂油比为7:1时，环己醇和四甘醇双组分溶剂可以将正庚烷对环己烷的相对挥发度由单溶剂时的小于1提高到1．11；将2，3—二甲基戊烷对环己烷的相对挥发度由单溶剂时的小于1．07提高到1．21。用该溶剂在小型萃取精馏实验装置上运行，结果表明，环己烷的纯度为98．5％，收率为80％。     

融合指针网络的新闻文本摘要模型

本文针对实际党建领域中的新闻标题进行自动生成,提出了一种融合指针网络的自动文本摘要模型-Tri-PCN.相比于传统基于编码器-解码器框架的自动文本摘要模型,党建新闻标题生成模型还需要满足(1)从更长的文本序列提取特征;(2)保留关键的党建信息.针对党建新闻比普通文本摘要任务面临更长文本序列问题,论文使用Transformer模型在解码阶段提取多层次全局文本特征.针对党建新闻标题生成过程中需要保留关键的党建信息,论文引入指针生成网络模型的复制机制在新闻标题生成时可以直接从新闻文本中复制关键词信息.实验采用ROUGE值作为评测指标,结果表明本文提出的Tri-PCN模型在党建新闻领域自动文本摘要任务上效果明显优于基准模型,比其他模型具有更好的效果.     

异丙醇一步法生产甲基异丁基酮分离过程的研究

本文对异丙醇一步法合成MIBK工艺的分离过程进行了基础测定，包括气液平衡和液液平衡测定。在此基础上。对原有的MIBK分离工艺进行了研究，提出了改进的工艺流程，使MIBK的回收率由32％提高到91．7％．能耗由11,42t水蒸汽／t产品降为8．27t水蒸汽／t产品。     

萃取精馏溶剂选择的研究进展

本文概括论述了萃取精馏过程中影响溶剂选择的因素，在此基础上着重介绍了溶剂的选择方法，性质约束方法可分为：试验法，经验筛选和活度系数法；计算机优化方法可分为计算机辅助分子设计法和人工神经网络法，对上述方法的适用性作了详细的讨论。     

抽油泵摩擦副磨损性能试验研究

为合理选择抽油泵泵筒和柱塞摩擦副的材料及表面处理工艺,提高抽油泵的使用寿命,选择碳钢、4％～6％铬钢、合金钢等三种材料和相应的表面处理工艺进行配对,在同等条件下进行了耐磨性性能试验。综合分析试验结果,认为碳钢镍磷镀／碳钢镀铬和4％～6％铬钢加压氮化／碳钢镍磷镀组成的摩擦副是较理想的配磨组合。