一种新型葡萄糖基化竹红菌素的合成和ESR研究

以巯基乙酸取代的竹红菌乙素和氨基葡萄糖为反应物,只用一步就合成了一种新型葡萄糖修饰的竹红菌乙素.氨基葡萄糖的取代改善了竹红菌乙素的水溶性及其在光疗窗口的吸收,并保持了其产生1O2、O2·-、·OH和半醌负离子自由基的光化学活性.     

Glucosamine Extends the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans via Autophagy Induction

Glucosamine (GlcN) is commonly used as a dietary supplement to promote cartilage health in humans. We previously reported that GlcN could induce autophagy in cultured mammalian cells. Autophagy is known to be involved in the prevention of various diseases and aging. Here, we showed that GlcN extended the lifespan of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by inducing autophagy. Autophagy induction by GlcN was demonstrated by western blotting for LGG-1 (an ortholog of mammalian LC3) and by detecting autophagosomal dots in seam cells by fluorescence microscopy. Lifespan assays revealed that GlcN-induced lifespan extension was achieved with at least 5 mM GlcN. A maximum lifespan extension of approximately 30 % was achieved with 20 mM GlcN (p<0.0001). GlcN-induced lifespan extension was not dependent on the longevity genes daf-16 and sir-2.1 but dependent on the autophagy-essential gene atg-18. Therefore, we suggest that oral administration of GlcN could help delay the aging process via autophagy induction.     

氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐的制备方法研究进展

本文综述了国内外氨基葡萄糖硫酸盐及其复盐制备方法的研究进展,并对各种制备方法的做了对比和评价。     

Improved determination of D-glucosamine hydrochloride in health foods by HPLC using 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-l,3-diazole as a derivative

Abstract: This article presents an improved method to detect d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride in health foods. A simple precolumn derivatization procedure with 7‐flouro‐4‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole (NBD‐F) reagent was employed. The separation of the derivatized d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride (NBD‐d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride) was performed using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.01 mol/L), and trifluoroacetic acid (350:649.74:0.26, volume ratio) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with the column temperature 35 °C. Under the optimum chromatographic conditions, the peak area of NBD‐d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride compared with its absolute value of the peak area of NBD‐d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride in a standard solution concentration range from 1.0 to 500.0 mg/L showed a good linear calibration (R = 0.9999). Recoveries, at spiked concentrations of 10.0, 40.0, and 500.0 mg/L, varied between 97.2% and 102.6% with relative standard deviations ranging from 0.4% to 1.5%. The present method provides sufficient sensitivity as reflected by the values of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). LOD was determined from the signal‐to‐noise ratios (S/N) of NBD‐d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride peak of at least 3 in the recovery test at 0.02 mg/L, and the estimated LOQ was 0.06 mg/L (S/N = 10). The proposed method was successfully applicable to detect d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride in health foods and drugs containing a variety of complex materials.     

壳聚糖水解制备葡萄糖胺二聚糖的研究

采用温和条件酸水解壳聚糖得到葡萄糖胺单糖、二聚糖和三聚糖等低聚糖混合物,柱层析分离制备葡萄糖胺二聚糖。考查了水解温度、水解时间、盐酸浓度对水解反应的影响以及脱洗液浓度与二聚糖纯度的关系,结果为壳聚糖水解制备葡萄糖胺二聚糖的适宜反应条件为水解温度70℃,水解时间10h,盐酸浓度6mol/L,分离葡萄糖胺二聚糖的最佳脱洗液浓度为6%乙醇溶液,此条件下葡萄糖胺二聚糖的得率可达17.48%。     

酪蛋白的转谷氨酰胺酶酶促糖基化交联条件及产物性质

在氨基葡萄糖存在的条件下,利用转谷氨酰胺酶(EC2.3.2.13)对酪蛋白进行糖基化交联修饰。以修饰酪蛋白产物中氨基葡萄糖的导入量为指标,采用单因素试验分别考察反应体系pH值、酶添加量、反应温度和时间对修饰反应的影响。优化后的适宜修饰条件为:酪蛋白底物质量浓度为30g/L,氨基葡萄糖添加量为3mol(每kg酪蛋白中)、pH值为7.5、酶添加量为10kU(每kg酪蛋白中)、反应温度为37℃、时间4h。与酪蛋白和转谷氨酰胺酶促交联的酪蛋白相比,修饰酪蛋白产物的乳化性质和胶凝性质得到显著改善,并且体外消化性能未受到影响,表明转谷氨酰胺酶催化的糖基化交联修饰可以用于改善酪蛋白的这些功能性质。     

Effects of Plant Growth Hormones on Mucor indicus Growth and Chitosan and Ethanol Production

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and kinetin (KIN) on Mucor indicus growth, cell wall composition, and ethanol production. A semi-synthetic medium, supplemented with 0–5 mg/L hormones, was used for the cultivations (at 32 °C for 48 h). By addition of 1 mg/L of each hormone, the biomass and ethanol yields were increased and decreased, respectively. At higher levels, however, an inverse trend was observed. The glucosamine fraction of the cell wall, as a representative for chitosan, followed similar but sharper changes, compared to the biomass. The highest level was 221% higher than that obtained without hormones. The sum of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine (chitin and chitosan) was noticeably enhanced in the presence of the hormones. Increase of chitosan was accompanied by a decrease in the phosphate content, with the lowest phosphate (0.01 g/g cell wall) being obtained when the chitosan was at the maximum (0.45 g/g cell wall). In conclusion, IAA and KIN significantly enhanced the M. indicus growth and chitosan production, while at the same time decreasing the ethanol yield to some extent. This study shows that plant growth hormones have a high potential for the improvement of fungal chitosan production by M. indicus.     

劲骨胶囊功效成分鉴别及其盐酸氨基葡萄糖含量测定

目的对劲骨胶囊功效成分进行鉴别并对其主要的功效成分盐酸氨基葡萄糖的含量进行测定。方法采用化学反应法、薄层色谱法(thin-layer chromatography,TLC)及高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)鉴别功效成分及测定盐酸氨基葡萄糖含量。结果样品和盐酸氨基葡萄糖对照品与碱性酒石酸铜试液反应生成红色Cu_2O沉淀,与硝酸银试液反应生成白色絮状AgCl沉淀,与茚三酮试液反应生成蓝紫色溶液,在薄层色谱相应位置上生成深红色斑点。样品和芍药苷对照品在薄层色谱相应位置上生成蓝紫色斑点。样品和碳酸钙对照品与稀盐酸试液反应产生CO_2气体,与草酸铵试液反应生成白色CaC204沉淀。样品和维生素K_1对照品及样品和维生素D_3对照品高效液相色谱峰保留时间一致。所有阴性样品都无上述反应。通过高效液相色谱法测定样品中盐酸氨基葡萄糖含量,线性范围为96～1200μg/mL,相关系数为0.9999,方法检测限1.2μg/mL,精密度为0.72%,回收率为99.78%～100.40%。对连续3批样品盐酸氨基葡萄糖的含量进行测定,含量分别为64.94 g/100 g、64.25 g/100 g及65.12 g/100 g,相对标准偏差为0.48%。结论这种鉴别和含量测定方法专属性强、重现性好、灵敏度高,可管控产品质量,适合应用于劲骨胶囊功效成分鉴别及盐酸氨基葡萄糖含量测定工作中。     

2-(3-羧基-1-丙酰氨基)-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖的合成

以D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐和丁二酸酐为原料,采用简便的方法合成2-(3-羧基-1-丙酰氨基)-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖,产率大于70％,结构经元素分析、红外和核磁共振得以确认。