Carbon Chain Length Modulates MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Killing Mechanisms by Mitochondrially Targeted Aryl−Urea Fatty Acids

Targeting the tumor cell mitochondrion could produce novel anticancer agents. We designed an aryl−urea fatty acid ( 1 g ; 16({[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)hexadecanoic acid) that disrupted the mitochondrion and decreased MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell viability. To optimize the aryl−ureas the present study evaluated mitochondrial targeting by 1 g analogues containing alkyl chains between 10–17 carbons. Using the dye JC-1, the C12−C17 analogues efficiently disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (IC₅₀s 3.5±1.2 to 7.6±1.1 μM) and impaired ATP production; shorter analogues were less active. 7-Aminoactinomycin D/annexin V staining and flow cytometry showed that these agents activated the killing mechanisms of necrosis and apoptosis to varying extents (7-aminoactinomycin D/annexin V staining ratios 4.3–6.0). Indeed, 1 g and its C17 analogue preferentially activated necrosis and apoptosis, respectively (ratios 2.1 and 16). Taken together, alkyl chain length is a determinant of mitochondrial targeting by aryl−ureas and can be varied to develop analogues that activate apoptosis or necrosis in a regulated fashion.     

光学薄膜在光通信中的应用

主要介绍了光学薄膜在光通信的无源型器件中的原理及应用,并与光纤光栅和平面光波导型的无源器件作简单比较。     

长庆上古生界气层CO2增能压裂工艺

长庆上古气藏物性差,压力系数低,水锁伤害大,采用常规水力压裂,入井液返排困难,气井产量低。在储层改造地质研究的基础上,通过对CO2泡沫压裂技术进行室内攻关,引进开发了CO2泡沫压裂酸性交联技术,优化了CO2泡沫方案设计及现场施工工艺,配套了CO2增能压裂工艺技术。经过现场应用,充分说明了CO2增能压裂是一项行之有效的工艺技术,对于提高单井产量和长庆气田整体开发水平都是有益的。     

光通信技术讲座--(五):WDM系统光节点器件

介绍WDM系统光节点所用到的器件,如波长转换器、光分插复用器及其使用的光隔离器和光环形器.     

鸡传染性喉气管炎的药物治疗对比试验

从流行病学、临床症状、病理变化和实验室检验四个方面对鸡传染性喉气管炎进行了诊断，并做了药物治疗对比试验．结果表明，杀病毒药(消毒王)加清热解毒、止咳平喘中草药配合治疗鸡传染性喉气管炎，效果更好，能较快地制止病鸡死亡，显著降低死亡率及减少药物治疗费用．     

Pharmacologic Control of CAR T Cells

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy is a promising modality for the treatment of advanced cancers that are otherwise incurable. During the last decade, different centers worldwide have tested the anti-CD19 CAR T cells and shown clinical benefits in the treatment of B cell tumors. However, despite these encouraging results, CAR treatment has also been found to lead to serious side effects and capricious response profiles in patients. In addition, the CD19 CAR success has been difficult to reproduce for other types of malignancy. The appearance of resistant tumor variants, the lack of antigen specificity, and the occurrence of severe adverse effects due to over-stimulation of the therapeutic cells have been identified as the major impediments. This has motivated a growing interest in developing strategies to overcome these hurdles through CAR control. Among them, the combination of small molecules and approved drugs with CAR T cells has been investigated. These have been exploited to induce a synergistic anti-cancer effect but also to control the presence of the CAR T cells or tune the therapeutic activity. In the present review, we discuss opportunistic and rational approaches involving drugs featuring anti-cancer efficacy and CAR-adjustable effect.     

Revisiting Platinum-Based Anticancer Drugs to Overcome Gliomas

Although there are many patients with brain tumors worldwide, there are numerous difficulties in overcoming brain tumors. Among brain tumors, glioblastoma, with a 5-year survival rate of 5.1%, is the most malignant. In addition to surgical operations, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are generally performed, but the patients have very limited options. Temozolomide is the most commonly prescribed drug for patients with glioblastoma. However, it is difficult to completely remove the tumor with this drug alone. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the potential of anticancer drugs, other than temozolomide, against glioblastomas. Since the discovery of cisplatin, platinum-based drugs have become one of the leading chemotherapeutic drugs. Although many studies have reported the efficacy of platinum-based anticancer drugs against various carcinomas, studies on their effectiveness against brain tumors are insufficient. In this review, we elucidated the anticancer effects and advantages of platinum-based drugs used in brain tumors. In addition, the cases and limitations of the clinical application of platinum-based drugs are summarized. As a solution to overcome these obstacles, we emphasized the potential of a novel approach to increase the effectiveness of platinum-based drugs.     

包结拆分在手性药物分离中的机理与应用

对外消旋体药物进行分离拆分是获取手性药物的重要方法。探讨了环糊精体系包结拆分法的机理，并对运用其机理于手性药物分离中的应用作了探讨。     

色谱技术在中药标准品制备中的应用

色谱技术是天然产物研究中重要的分离和纯化方法。本文介绍了色谱法，并综述了其在中药标准品制备中的应用，最后对此进行了展望。