Molecular structure and granule morphology of native and heat‐moisture‐treated pinhão starch

Pinhão seed is an unconventional source of starch and the pines grow up in native forests of southern Latin America. In this study, pinhão starch was adjusted at 15, 20 and 25% moisture content and heated to 100, 110 and 120 °C for 1 h. A decrease in λ max (starch/iodine complex) was observed as a result of increase in temperature and moisture content of HMT. The ratio of crystalline to amorphous phase in pinhão starch was determined via Fourier transform infra red by taking 1045/1022 band ratio. A decrease in crystallinity occurred as a result of HMT. Polarised light microscopy indicated a loss of birefringence of starch granules under 120 °C at 25% moisture content. Granule size distribution was further confirmed via scanning electron microscopy which showed the HMT effects. These results increased the understanding on molecular and structural properties of HMT pinhão starch and broadened its food and nonfood industrial applications.     

服装湿冷机理分析

本文在明确冷暖感、湿冷感、接触湿冷感等概念的基础上,分析了在冬季着装状态下,人体热量、水汽 散失的途径和人体产生冷感的原因。     

Potential of in-field and low temperature drying for reducing chlorophyll contents in canola (Brassica napus L)

The presence of green seeds in canola arises primarily from the common practice of swathing the crop prematurely in order to hasten the harvesting process and reduce the shattering losses. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of plant maturity, swathing and duration of swathing on moisture and chlorophyll contents of canola seeds (Brassica napus L cv Westar), and to determine the effect of canola conditioning with air at 25·C and 90% RH on chlorophyll content. A standing crop of canola with 50% to 10% (w/w) seed moisture content was sampled at regular intervals in two consecutive harvest years (1989 and 1990). Canola was also swathed at three different stages of maturity, and seeds were checked for chlorophyll at 2-3 day intervals and compared with chlorophyll contents of seed from standing crop. Samples were conditioned in a thin layer with air at 25·C and 90% RH for 24 h, and chlorophyll was determined before and after conditioning. The chlorophyll of seeds decreased exponentially with a decrease in moisture content. Conditioning canola seeds decreased chlorophyll content by an average of 16% (SD = ± 12%).     

Modeling and assimilation of root zone soil moisture using remote sensing observations in Walnut Gulch Watershed during SMEX04

Soil moisture status in the root zone is an important component of the water cycle at all spatial scales (e.g., point, field, catchment, watershed, and region). In this study, the spatio-temporal evolution of root zone soil moisture of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in Arizona was investigated during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Root zone soil moisture was estimated via assimilation of aircraft-based remotely sensed surface soil moisture into a distributed Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant (SWAP) model. An ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) based on a Kalman filtering scheme was used for assimilating the aircraft-based soil moisture observations at a spatial resolution of 800 m × 800 m. The SWAP model inputs were derived from the SSURGO soil database, LAI (Leaf Area Index) data from SMEX04 database, and data from meteorological stations/rain gauges at the WGEW. Model predictions are presented in terms of temporal evolution of soil moisture probability density function at various depths across the WGEW. The assimilation of the remotely sensed surface soil moisture observations had limited influence on the profile soil moisture. More specifically, root zone soil moisture depended mostly on the soil type. Modeled soil moisture profile estimates were compared to field measurements made periodically during the experiment at the ground based soil moisture stations in the watershed. Comparisons showed that the ground-based soil moisture observations at various depths were within ± 1 standard deviation of the modeled profile soil moisture. Density plots of root zone soil moisture at various depths in the WGEW exhibited multi-modal variations due to the uneven distribution of precipitation and the heterogeneity of soil types and soil layers across the watershed.     

Multi-dimensional analysis of soil moisture dynamics in trickle irrigated fields. II: Model testing

The mathematical model which was developed in part I of this work for multi-dimensional analysis of soil moisture in irrigated fields is converted into computer algorithms. The algorithms are capable of emulating many field conditions of practical applications during both design and operation phases. The model is subjected to various tests, the results of which are reported here. The tests in various modes of simulations verified the numerical performance of the model and the accuracy of its predictions. The model provides a powerful tool for detailed studies of soil moisture dynamics in one or multi-dimensional problems irrigated fields     

Interferometric monitoring of satellite longitudes

This paper proposes a technique for monitoring the longitudinal motion of geosynchronous satellites. A two‐antenna interferometer is used, with the baseline orientation adjusted to a particular horizontal azimuth. The interferometer then becomes insensitive to the north–south motion of the satellite, and this enables direct measurement of the satellite's longitudinal motion. Longitudes are monitored continuously, with no delay when orbital manoeuvres occur. The proposed technique is particularly useful when two or more satellites are operating in close proximity and their longitudes must be precisely monitored for safety control. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

潮湿扩散及湿热应力对叠层封装件可靠性影响

利用MARC软件,通过模拟实验分析了潮湿扩散及湿热应力对叠层封装器件可靠性的影响,对30℃,RH 60%,192 h条件下预置吸潮到后面的无铅回流焊解吸潮过程进行了有限元仿真;对85℃,RH 85%,168 h条件下元件内不同界面的潮湿扩散进行分析,得出潮湿扩散对界面的影响规律。使用一种湿热耦合方法计算湿热合成应力并与单纯热应力进行了对比。结果表明:最大湿热应力和热应力一样总是出现在顶部芯片与隔离片相交的区域,其数值是单纯热应力数值的1.3~1.5倍。     

珠钢不锈钢冶炼技术探讨

本文阐述了不锈钢冶炼的关键技术，为生产准备提供帮助。     

不同灌溉条件下的水稻需水规律及水分生产率分析

稻田需水量包括植株蒸腾、棵间蒸发、田间渗漏3部分。研究表明，水稻在充分供水条件下所形成的蒸腾量中包含了一部分无效蒸腾，无效蒸腾量的减少不会影响作物的生长发育，反而会有不同程度的增产和优质效应。节水灌溉技术的推广产生了明显的经济与社会效益。结合当地实际情况采用3种常见的灌溉方式探讨了不同灌溉方式下水稻的需水规律、灌概定额和生产率的差异，为水稻节水高效栽培提供理论与技术依据。     

区域内旱情监测站点的布设研究

本文对北京通州辖区范围内组织的大规模的土壤墒情调查数据进行总结。基于地理统计、空间分析以及统计学知识，分析了北京通州旱情分布形势。运用数值分类学的知识对测量数据进行了聚类分析，同时用DB(DaviesBouldin)指标准则研究了区域内合理布设旱情监测站的数量及位置，为建立旱情监测站点提供了理论依据。