有机磷灭蚊剂投放浓度和时间对水体总磷的影响

为分析新型低毒有机磷杀虫剂“1%双硫磷颗粒”投放对河道水质的影响,设置不同药剂投放浓度和不同反应时间的室内试验,以TP、NH₃-N及S^2-为目标因子,分析该药剂投放后水体污染物浓度。结果表明:不同试验组水样中S^2-质量浓度均小于0.02 mg/L,NH₃-N质量浓度处于0.029~0.036 mg/L之间,均达到地表水Ⅰ类标准;不同浓度药剂投放1 h后,水体TP质量浓度已达到稳定状态,且在60 h内均保持稳定,药剂投加量与水体TP质量浓度呈显著正相关(R²=0.85);不同处理组的药剂在水体中的TP释放量无明显差异,均在1.06~1.30 mg/g之间。“1%双硫磷颗粒”推荐适宜投放量不会使河道水质恶化到劣Ⅴ类,但增加药剂投放量会增加水体TP污染及富营养化风险。     

硫代磷酸/伯胺N1923协同萃取锌和镉的机理

有机硫代磷酸/伯胺N1923协同萃取锌、镉的萃取率随pH的变化较为反常，可能因伯胺N1923与硫酸作用进而聚为反向胶束. 实验表明，如以(N1923)n.H2SO4表示反向胶束的实验式，N1923与H2SO4比值n多为3左右，可能与空间效应相关. 萃取机理为: M2+(a) +2BHA(o) + (2/n)SO42–(a) = MA2(o) + (2/n)(Bn.H2SO4)(o) + 2(1–2/n)H+(a)， n=3, 4, 5.     

有机磷农药气相色谱保留值与其化学结构关系的研究

对23种有机磷农药的气相色谱相对保留值与其化学结构的关系进行了探讨.参照图论法对分子中各种基团进行了分类.采用多元线性拟合法,求出了农药分子中各种基团的个数与其气相色谱保留值关系的回归方程,能得到方程的预测值与实验测定的色谱相对保留值一致的结果.     

有机磷水解酶生物传感器载体固定化酶的研究

有机磷水解酶（OPH）传感器作为检测农产品中农药残留的新型检测装置,其酶的固定化对OPH传感器的灵敏度和稳定性有重要的影响。研究了几种酶固定化载体、孔径大小、固定方式、固定方法（试剂组成）对传感器pH值的影响。结果显示：采用孔径为0.45μm的硝酸纤维素膜制备固定化酶片的pH值要大于其余几种;采用浸泡方式制备固定化酶片的pH值明显大于传统的滴定法;采用牛血清白蛋白（BSA）、戊二醛交联固定的效果优于酶直接吸附法和BSA固定法,且当戊二醛体积分数为2.5％,BSA为10％时,酶固定化效果最好。     

Analysis of the Interaction between Organophosphorus Acid and Tertiary Amine Extractants in the Binary Mixtures by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)

In the synergistic solvent extraction of rare earth elements by binary mixtures of organophosphorus acid and tertiary amine extractants, the extraction reaction depends on the nature and strength of the interaction between the two extractants in the mixtures. In order to correlate qualitatively the interaction in different mixtures, the FT-IR spectra for organophosphorus acid (D2EHPA, PC88A, and Cyanex 272) and tertiary amine (Alamine 336 and TEHA) extractants and their mixtures have been analyzed. The primary focus was on investigating the changes in the characteristic functional groups of acidic and amine extractants in the binary mixtures as the strength and concentration of these extractants varied. IR spectroscopy of the organics confirmed the interaction in the binary mixtures, and strength of the interaction increased with the increase in the acidity of acidic extractant and the basicity of the amine extractant.     

用于酶抑制分析的便携式电化学分析系统的研究

近年来,随着野外电化学分析需求的增加,便携式电化学分析仪得到很快发展,并在生物化学分析上得到一定应用.该文采用酶抑制分析原理,构建了一套便携式电化学检测系统.整个系统由恒电位仪采集数据,由ARM7系统板控制恒电位仪,结合丝网印刷工艺印刷电极.在嵌入式μClinux软件的控制下,实现酶传感器检测农药的功能.整个系统提供了良好的控制界面,实验结果显示对流磷检测限可低于2ppb.     

Fe^2＋／HClO处理乐果废水的研究

利用次氯酸钠在酸性条件下生成的次氯酸代替Fenton试剂中的氧化剂H2O2，与Fe^2＋共同作用对乐果模拟废水进行氧化处理。研究结果表明，此方法处理乐果废水的效果明显，在pH值为2、NaClO与FeSO4·7H2O的投加量分别为10mL／L和2．5g／L、振荡氧化30min的条件下，对初始浓度小于20mg／L的乐果废水，去除率大于90％，剩余乐果的浓度小于2mg／L，达到了我国废水综合排放的三级标准。     

Determination of azinphos-methyl and parathion-methyl in honey by stripping voltammetry

An electrochemical method for the determination of azinphos-methyl and parathion-methyl in honey is presented. The determination is established by adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry at hanging mercury working electrode.In contrast to the chromatographic methods for the determination of pesticide residues, the sample preparation of the proposed method is minimal; analytes were extracted from honey samples with a mixture of (acetone):(Britton-Robinson buffer) and then were analyzed without any additional pretreatment.The response of the analytes either individually or as a mixture was studied for a series of deposition time and molar ratio. Two quantitation protocols were compared, using either the external calibration or the standard addition method. Accuracy was tested with spiked honey samples obtaining good recovery values. The limit of detection for the honey sample (for deposition time of 10 s) was calculated 51.71 μg kg⁻¹ for MeP and 65.87 μg kg⁻¹ for AzMet.     

Phosphorylation of Glycine Derivatives via Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Csp3−H Bond Functionalization

A simple and efficient one‐pot approach has been developed for a copper‐catalyzed phosphorylation of glycine derivatives under air and at room temperature. The present cross‐dehydrogenative coupling allows various methoxyphenyl‐protected glycine derivatives to be phosphorylated using diverse alkyl and aryl phosphites through an oxidative coupling between Csp³−H and P−H bonds catalyzed by copper iodide. This method provides a new synthetic tool to obtain biologically active α‐aminophosphonates.