Low concentration short time ozonation of rapeseed seeds reduces the stability of the oil and content of some antioxidant components

Ozonation is an innovative way to preserve high quality of seed during storage and it is an alternative to harmful organophosphorus agents. Disclosure of changes in the rapeseed oil under the influence of oxidative action of ozone on the seeds was the aim of the work and is presented for the first time. Two ozone concentrations and different length of ozonation were applied. The changes in tocopherols, phenolics, flavonoids contents, antiradical activity and oxidative stability were examined. The average vitamin E concentration was 33 mg per 100 g of oil before and 31.7 after ozonation of seeds. The average content of phenolic compounds was 14.3 mg of sinapic acid g⁻¹ and 16.9 after the ozone treatment. Changes in the flavonoids content and antioxidant activity were observed too. Ozonation caused a decrease in the vitamin E concentration which resulted also in reducing the quenching of free radicals and reduction of oil induction time.     

Comparison between photocatalytic ozonation and other oxidation processes for the removal of phenols from water

Photocatalytic ozonation (1O₃ + VUV + TiO₂), ozonation (O₃), catalytic ozonation (O₃ + TiO₂), ozone photolysis (O₃ + VUV), photocatalysis (TiO₂ + VUV) and photolysis (VUV) have been compared in terms of formation of intermediates, extent of, mineralization (TOC, COD, chloride, nitrate) and kinetics in the aqueous treatment of three phenols (phenol, p‐chlorophenol and p‐nitrophenol). In all cases, photocatalytic ozonation led to lower degradation times for chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon removal. Intermediates formed were similar in the different oxidation systems with some exceptions. They can be classified into three different types: polyphenols (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone), unsaturated carboxylic acids (maleic and fumaric acids) and saturated carboxylic acids (glyoxylic, formic and oxalic acids). First order kinetic equations have been checked for the oxidation processes studied in the case of the parent compound. Rate constants of these systems have also been calculated. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

The greenhouse effect; Impact upon and the role to be played by construction

The authors highlight several possible ways in which the construction industry could lower present emissions of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. It is an excellent discussion document and is recommended reading.     

臭氧法水处理在空调冷却水系统中的应用

探讨了臭氧法杀菌灭藻，缓蚀，阻垢的机理，认为臭氧法可用于空调冷却水处理，并给出在工程设计中的应用方法。     

浅析中央空调系统替代制冷剂的选择

根据大气臭氧层耗损和温室气体对全球气候变化的影响，分析了中央空调系统几种替代制冷剂的特性，探讨了在实际使用中如何进行替代制冷剂的选择。     

臭氧在食品加工用水处理工程上的应用

本文叙述了臭氧的一些特性 ,并以烟台某食品加工公司食品加工用水处理工程为例 ,介绍了臭氧的产生及应用情况 ,提供了处理前后水中各项指标的对照     

Exergy losses in refrigerating systems. A study for performance comparisons in compressor and condenser

A study is carried out to describe irreversibilities in one stage refrigerating process for vapour compression cycle with refrigerant mixtures R-404A, R-410A, R-410B and R-507 as working fluids. They are calculated as exergy losses by an algorithm developed on the basis of thermodynamics. The proposed relationships have been derived from exergy balances on the system components. Emphasis is placed on parameters influencing the losses and the related results are presented through Grassmann diagrams (diagrams of exergy fluxes). Furthermore, detailed information on the variation of cycle's exergy efficiency with evaporating and condensing temperatures is given. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

臭氧纳米气泡对水中三价砷的氧化效果

砷污染防治技术,将三价砷[As(Ⅲ)]先氧化成五价砷[As(Ⅴ)]是保证治理效果的必要手段。文中为了提高臭氧氧化效果,将臭氧以纳米气泡(NBs)的形式通入水中。在不同As(Ⅲ)初始浓度、不同pH下,NBs系统对As(Ⅲ)氧化率均远远高于臭氧大气泡系统,最高可达96.5%[对应As(Ⅲ)初始浓度为0.2mg/L],比大气泡系统提高了44.47%。NBs系统对As(Ⅲ)的氧化率随初始浓度的增大而有略微提高。溶液初始pH值为3、9时,NBs系统对As(Ⅲ)的最高氧化率达95.1%、94.2%,高于pH值为7时的氧化率;碳酸根离子对臭氧大气泡和NBs系统均具有一定的促进作用,添加了碳酸钠的NBs系统对As(Ⅲ)的氧化率达97.8%,比未添加药剂的系统提高了1.8%。     

微纳米气泡臭氧高级氧化工艺处理电镀废水的中试

对江苏省某电镀园区污水厂尾水使用微纳米气泡臭氧高级氧化工艺进行深度处理中试研究,要求处理后达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)Ⅴ类标准。半连续流试验结果表明,单独臭氧氧化处理无法有效去除有机物,加入双氧水催化臭氧微纳米气泡处理后可以使COD达标。在臭氧与双氧水投加量摩尔比为2时,投加64.6mg/L臭氧后,COD_Cr由37.1mg/L降至24.7mg/L,去除率可达33.4%,O/C为5.2。臭氧浓度对COD的去除有影响,低浓度臭氧对COD有更高的去除率(46.3%)。同时,推测臭氧和双氧水改变了原水中铁离子的价态,通过絮凝沉淀可有效地去除水中的镍。采用臭氧浓度为150mg/L、臭氧与双氧水摩尔比为2的工况进行连续流试验,臭氧投加量为55mg/L、连续运行5h、进水COD_Cr约为45mg/L时,出水COD_Cr基本稳定在18.5~21.8mg/L,COD去除率为54%~58.3%,O/C为1.38~1.62,可达标排放。由结果可知:相较于半连续流试验,同样的投加条件下,连续流的氧化效能更高,推测是由于流态变化;同时,半连续流中试试验虽然水量较大(500L),但要完全模拟连续流试验结果还是存在局限性。最后,根据连续流结果估算双氧水催化臭氧工艺的处理成本为0.86元/(t水)。     

肺动脉高压孤儿药Selexipag合成工艺的优化

首先,以二苯基乙二酮和2-氨基乙酰胺为原料,通过环合反应和羟基氯代合成了5,6-二苯基吡嗪-2-醇（Ⅰ） 和5-氯-2,3-二苯基吡嗪（Ⅱ）。其次,化合物?Ⅱ?与4-异丙氨基丁醇反应得到4-［（5,6-二苯基-2-基）（异丙基）氨基］-1-丁醇（Ⅲ）。然后,化合物?Ⅲ?和溴乙酸甲酯发生Willianmson反应得到2-｛4-［N-（5,6-二苯基吡嗪-2-基）-N-异丙基氨基］丁氧基｝乙酸甲酯（Ⅳ）。最后,Ⅳ与甲基磺酰胺在叔丁醇钠作用下缩合得到目标产物Selexipag。对各步反应进行了优化,羟基氯代反应条件为: n （Ⅰ）∶n （POCl3）=1.0∶1.7,120?℃反应4 h。胺基化条件为: n （4-异丙氨基丁醇）∶n （Ⅱ）=4.0∶1.0,170?℃反应68?h。Willianmson反应条件为: n （Ⅲ）∶n （溴乙酸甲酯）∶n （四丁基溴化铵）∶n（氢氧化钠）=1.0∶1.0∶0.1∶15.0,甲苯为溶剂,80?℃反应5?h。酰胺化反应条件为: n （Ⅳ）∶n （甲基磺酰胺）∶n （叔丁醇钠）=1.05∶1.0∶1.5,室温反应2 h。优化工艺总收率达到74.5%,且反应条件温和,分离方法简单,适合工业化生产。