Effect of papain‐hydrolysed casein peptides on the fermentation kinetics,microbiological survival and physicochemical properties of yoghurt

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different molecular mass papain‐hydrolysed casein peptides (PCP) on the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in 1:1 ratio) and on the fermentation kinetics, microbiological survival and physicochemical properties in yoghurt. The fraction of PCP4 (<3 kDa) exhibited the highest growth‐promoting activity on the strains. The value of T_pH4.5 (time necessary to reach pH 4.5) of yoghurt fortified with PCP4 reduced from 5.21 to 4.29 h, and the total counts of LAB present in the final products increased from 8.29 to 8.42 log CFU mL^?1 with the addition of PCP4 at nitrogen replaced ratio of 3% (w/w). Moreover, the yoghurt exhibited lower postacidification power, higher viscosity and sensory evaluation scores than did the control product during storage period.     

木瓜蛋白酶在[Cnmim]BF4-NaH2PO4双水相体系中的分配行为

为了研究木瓜蛋白酶在[Cnmim]BF4-NaH2PO4双水相体系中的分配行为,在298.15 K条件下利用浊点法测定了[Cnmim]BF4-NaH2PO4双水相体系的双节线和液液相平衡数据,建立了木瓜蛋白酶在该体系中的三维分配模型。利用Merchuk方程、Othmer-Tobias方程和Bancroft方程分别关联了双节线数据、液液相平衡数据,拟合度分别在0.975、0.994以上,结果满意。木瓜蛋白酶分配系数的对数与该体系上相的离子液体浓度和下相的盐浓度相关度都较高,故通过Matlab建立了三者之间的分配模型,实验值和预测值之间的相对偏差均在5%以内,表明该模型能有效地预测木瓜蛋白酶在[Cnmim]BF4-NaH2PO4双水相体系中的分配行为。     

Plant proteases for bioactive peptides release: A review

ABSTRACT

Proteins are a potential source of health-promoting biomolecules with medical, nutraceutical, and food applications. Nowadays, bioactive peptides production, its isolation, characterization, and strategies for its delivery to target sites are a matter of intensive research. In vitro and in vivo studies regarding the bioactivity of peptides has generated strong evidence of their health benefits. Dairy proteins are considered the richest source of bioactive peptides, however proteins from animal and vegetable origin also have been shown to be important sources. Enzymatic hydrolysis has been the process most commonly used for bioactive peptide production. Most commercial enzymatic preparations frequently used are from animal (e.g., trypsin and pepsin) and microbial (e.g., Alcalase® and Neutrase®) sources. Although the use of plant proteases is still relatively limited to papain and bromelain from papaya and pineapple, respectively, the application of new plant proteases is increasing. This review presents the latest knowledge in the use and diversity of plant proteases for bioactive peptides release from food proteins including both available commercial plant proteases as well as new potential plant sources. Furthermore, the properties of peptides released by plant proteases and health benefits associated in the control of disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cancer are reviewed.     

介孔分子筛MCM-48固定化木瓜蛋白酶性质的研究

以介孔分子筛MCM48为载体、戊二醛作交联剂对木瓜蛋白酶进行了固定化。实验结果表明,与游离酶相比,固定化酶的热稳定性有了显著的提高,其半衰期达到了2500min以上,是游离酶(80min)的30倍以上。固定化酶的pH稳定性和储藏稳定性也有了明显改善。此外,固定化酶还具有很好的操作稳定性,经过12d的连续酶解,酶活力仍保持在初始酶活力的70%以上。     

提高具有高起泡性大豆蛋白水解物得率的研究

主要研究还原剂Na2SO3或表面活性剂吐温80及大豆卵磷脂对木瓜蛋白酶水解大豆蛋白水解进程、产物得率和起泡性的影响,结果显示水解前加入适量的Na2SO3和大豆卵磷脂,不仅能够显著提高水解进程,同时能够进一步提高可溶性水解物得率,且产物具有较高的起泡性和泡沫稳定性。氨基酸分析表明沉淀中的疏水性氨基酸含量高于上清液,说明水解过程聚集和沉淀的产生与疏水相互作用有重要关联。     

不同酶水解提取米蛋白的功能特性研究

以木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶水解法提取的米蛋白为试验材料,测定了其功能特性,包括保水性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性与泡沫稳定性、蛋白凝胶形成性、米蛋白吸油性,并对两种酶水解提取的米蛋白的功能特性进行了比较。结果发现,两种酶水解提取的米蛋白的乳化性、起泡性及起泡稳定性之间的差异较大;而保水性、乳化稳定性、吸油性之间的差异趋于平缓。     

酶制剂在消除酿造酱油二次沉淀的应用试验

为了消除酿造酱油的二次沉淀,进行了木瓜蛋白酶在消除酿造酱油二次沉淀的实验,并对处理后的酱油的吸光度和氨基酸态氮等进行测定,结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶最佳加入量为每200mL酱油中加入浓度为0.1%的酶制剂0.3～0.4mL,最佳静止时间为2d。     

两相溶剂体系酶促合成Aspartame前体的研究

本文报道在两相溶剂体系中利用木瓜蛋白酶催化合成Ａｓｐａｒｔａｍｅ前体Ｚ－ＡＰＭ的研究。实验结果表明，木瓜蛋白酶在水－正丁醇两相体系具有较好的催化活性，在底物比为１：１，温度３７℃条件下连续反应７２ｈ，Ｚ－ＡＰＭ的产率可达６２．８％。     

酶解法提取鳕鱼肝油的生产工艺研究

以鳕鱼肝脏为原料,采用木瓜蛋白酶水解提取鳕鱼肝油,选用提取率作为评价指标,通过单因素实验和响应面实验确定最佳的酶解提取工艺,并从鱼肝油的提取率、品质方面将其与传统淡碱水解法进行比较。实验结果表明,最佳酶解工艺条件为料液比1∶1.5、酶解p H 6.5、加酶量3 270U/g、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间2 h。在最佳酶解工艺条件下,鳕鱼肝油提取率可达到93.44%,且品质良好,酸价5.49 mg/g,碘价148.31 g/100 g,过氧化值7.49 meq/kg。酶解法鳕鱼肝油提取率及品质均优于传统淡碱水解法。