芦苇烧碱-蒽醌浆生物漂白的研究

对芦苇烧碱-蒽醌浆进行漆酶/介体体系脱木素处理结合过氧化氢漂序进行漂白。结果表明,分别利用三种介体HBT、VIO和NHA辅助漆酶脱木素,导致浆的白度均有不同程度的降低,降低的幅度与介体种类和用量有关。在相同浓度时,浆白度的降低幅度随介体的氧化还原电势的增大而增大。根据过氧化氢漂白的结果,可以认为LMS-QP最佳处理条件为使用介体NHA,用量为0.5%,漂白时间为2 h。对用2%VIO为介体脱木素后的浆残余木素分析表明,经过漆酶/介体体系处理浆料,浆残余木素中的羰基含量相对提高。     

机械力改性芦苇纤维及其对聚乳酸复合材料的阻燃性能研究

采用机械力化学法对芦苇纤维（RF）进行磷酰化改性,并将改性后的磷酰化芦苇纤维（MPRF）与聚乳酸（PLA）共混制备复合材料,研究了MPRF对复合材料热稳定性、阻燃性、燃烧性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,磷元素成功接枝到芦苇纤维表面,800 ℃时的残余质量增加;随着MPRF添加量的提高,PLA复合材料的阻燃性能随着MPRF的加入而逐渐增加,当MPRF添加量为40 %（质量分数,下同）时,其弯曲强度和拉伸强度可达266.9 MPa和44.7 MPa,极限氧指数为24.6 %;最大热释放峰值下降到366.9 kW/m²,与PLA相比下降了39.3 %,有效降低复合材料的火灾危险性。     

Application of a glyphosate-based herbicide to Phragmites australis: Impact on groundwater and near-shore lake water at a beach on Georgian Bay

During the past decade, the invasive Phragmites australis (common reed) has established itself along beaches of the Great Lakes, causing detrimental impacts to both the natural ecological integrity of the shoreline and the recreational value of beaches. The herbicide Roundup®, containing the active ingredient glyphosate, was applied to Phragmites along a beach on the southern shore of Georgian Bay, Canada, to eradicate the Phragmites which was destroying the natural beach ecosystem. Groundwater and lake water were tested to determine if glyphosate enters the groundwater and lake at the beach and how long glyphosate will persist. Two days after application, the geometric mean concentration of glyphosate in the groundwater below the Phragmites was 0.060 μg/L with a maximum of 12.50 μg/L. Concentrations rapidly declined over the next two to three weeks to below minimum detection limits (< 0.020 μg/L). Glyphosate was also detected in the nearshore lake water with concentrations peaking at a geometric mean of 0.14 μg/L one week after application, and declining to 0.039 μg/L four weeks after application. Concentrations of glyphosate never exceeded the Canadian water quality guideline for the protection of aquatic life (65 μg/L) in either the groundwater or lake water. An approximate half-life for the dissipation of glyphosate by degradation and dilution/flushing as groundwater flows toward the lake, assuming a first order kinetic reaction, yielded a half-life of 3.5 during the 4 weeks after the herbicide was applied. The application of Roundup® resulted in an 90% reduction in the size of the stand of Phragmites.     

蓝牙和IEEE802.11无线局域网共存问题探析

使用WiFi(Wireless Fidelity)IEEE 802.11b/g协议的无线局域网(WLAN)技术已经成为PC和笔记本电脑的标准而正在快速扩散到PDA(Personal Digital Assistant)和其它便携式设备。与此同时,蓝牙作为耳机,麦克风连到各种个样的无线设备的串口线的替代品已经越来越普遍。这两种无线协议都工作于2.40至2.48GHzISM(工业,科学和医疗)射频带。WiFi使用12个带宽为22MHz重叠的频道其中一个,而蓝在带宽为79MHz范围跳频[3]。因此,无论WiFi正在使用哪个频道两个系统间会存在互相干扰和共存的问题导致数据吞吐量的降低。实现IEEE802.11 WLAN协议的设使用FEC(Foward Error Correction)纠错技术来减轻于其它无线网的干扰。在该文中,我们将对RS(Reed Solomon)编码与BS(Binary Convolutional)编码使用于解决WLAN于BT共存问题的相对有效性进行一个调查并作出结论。     

纺织机械并条机数显与控制装置

本文给出了纺织机械并条机数显与控制装置的硬件原理图和工作过程软件框图，介绍了装置的功能、特点及抗干扰措施。该装置的功能齐全、可靠性高、使用方便、性能优良，是纺织机械实现机电一体化过程中值得推广的一种电子产品。     

Stabilization of heavy metals in biochar pyrolyzed from phytoremediated giant reed (Arundo donax) biomass

The pyrolysis of phytoremediated giant reed (Arundo donax) biomass could cause secondary pollution of heavy metals. The stabilization of heavy metals in the pyrolysis process with external materials such as Al₂O₃, CaCO₃, FeCl₃ and NaOH, was studied. The results showed that 37% As and 97% Cd in biochar were stabilized when giant reed powder was pyrolyzed at 250 °C with 5% Al₂O₃ for 2 h. Furthermore, 59% Pb in biochar was stabilized at 400 °C with 5% CaCO₃ for 1 h. Under biochar produced in optimized pyrolysis conditions, Cd mainly existed in a residual fraction, while Pb and As mainly existed in oxidizable fraction in BCR analysis. In XRD analysis, As was only found in Ca₂As₂O₇; Cd in biochar mainly existed in Cd (AlCl₄)₂, CdPbO₃ or CdSO₃; and Pb mainly existed as Pb₃O₂SO₄.     

污泥干化芦苇床芦苇中多环芳烃的含量分布

通过现场试验,考查了多环芳烃（PAHs）从污泥向芦苇的转移以及PAHs在芦苇各部位的分布情况。受试芦苇植于污泥干化芦苇床内,芦苇床规格3 m×1 m×1.3 m,其中高度含0.65 m填料层和0.65 m超高。试验进行了3 a,包括2 a的污泥负荷期和1 a的闲置期。2 a负荷期内共进泥8.4 m(含水率99.14%),污泥PAHs含量平均5.69 mg·kg -1。原生芦苇茎和叶中的PAHs含量相对较高,达到2.198和2.583 mg·kg -1 (DW),分别是芦苇根PAHs含量的2.44和2.87倍,且以低环PAHs为主。运行结果表明,受试芦苇对污泥中的PAHs产生了明显的富集作用。运行第2年9、10和11月取污泥干化芦苇床芦苇样品并进行检测,发现芦苇根茎叶内PAHs含量呈逐月升高趋势;第3年11月芦苇根茎叶所含PAHs总量分别为7.642、7.713、7.946 mg·kg -1 (DW),相对原生芦苇分别提高了8.50、3.52和3.08倍,且以低环PAHs为主,根茎叶低环PAHs含量占PAHs总量的55.14%、56.96%和44.59%。芦苇中PAHs的含量与植物含脂率具有显著的正相关关系,而与芦苇的含水量无关。     

A new application of giant reed waste material for ammonium removal

Excess nitrogen is one of the main causes of eutrophication in water bodies. In this study, the undesirable agricultural lignocellulosic material giant reed was used to remove ammonium ions from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various parameters such as contact time, initial ammonium concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, particle size, agitation rate and phosphate coexisting during the ammonium adsorption process. The ammonium sorption capacity of fibrous giant reed (FGR) at equilibrium was 12.49?mg?N/g with a maximum removal efficiency of 76% observed within 30?min at pH range of 6.5–9.5. Results revealed that the Freundlich isotherm model fitted better with the sorption process than the Langmuir model, and the adsorption process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. FT-IR analyses indicated that complexation and ion exchange could be the main mechanisms for the ammonium removal by FGR. Results revealed that FGR has a sorption capacity comparable to that of other natural sorbents with the advantage of greater availability with no cost.     

环保型果糖/尿素树脂的合成及应用

为了降低传统脲醛树脂中甲醛的危害,采用了果糖代替甲醛与尿素合成了环保型果糖/尿素树脂,并用合成出的树脂与芦苇纤维复合制备了芦苇纤维板,考察了树脂合成过程中果糖/尿素物质的量之比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂种类等工艺参数对树脂及芦苇纤维板性能的影响,得到了果糖/尿素树脂的最佳合成工艺,即果糖/尿素/催化剂盐酸的物质的量之比为2.5/1/0.13、反应温度为91℃、反应时间为3 h。在此最佳合成工艺下合成的树脂固含量为65.57%、黏度为73 m Pa·s,由此树脂制备的芦苇纤维板的静曲强度为26.19 MPa,弹性模量为6.13 GPa,完全满足国家标准GB/T 11718–2009的要求。     

喷气织机用异形筘及其发展方向

介绍了喷气织机用异形筘的发展现状,从主要原材料、制造装备、创新能力3方面分析了我国在异形筘制造技术上与国外先进水平的差距;指出,我国异形筘应在筘齿齿形,玻璃纤维织物专用筘,提高耐磨损及抗蚀性能,研发智能化全自动编筘机、筘梁注胶机及检测用工装与量具,如筘齿垂直度、倾侧度测量器等方面多下功夫。