高氯原料在预分解窑系统中的实践与应用

若原燃料中氯含量过高,会影响新型干法生产线窑系统的正常运行,引起窑尾系统的结皮和堵塞。消除氯不利影响的常规措施是采用“旁路放风”,但这既要增加投资,又要增加熟料的热耗和电耗。新绛威顿水泥有限责任公司1000t／d生产线所用原燃料中氯含量大大超标,通过采取优化操作、调整配料和加强生产管理等手段,基本消除了氯对窑系统的不利影响,实现了系统连续、稳定、正常的生产运行。     

关于水泥窑低温余热发电有关问题的思考

根据多年从事水泥纯低温余热发电的实践经验,分析了单压系统、双压系统和闪蒸系统各自的优缺点;提出了统一考虑烧成系统和余热发电系统进行大系统优化的观点,着重就吨熟料烧成煤耗与发电量之间的最佳平衡点进行了分析;同时对如何进一步优化烧成系统和余热发电系统的设计提出了一些具体的建议。     

酶制剂+益生菌与植物提取物协同对肉鸡生产性能、免疫能力及抗氧化能力的影响

本实验旨在研究酶制剂+益生菌与植物提取物对肉鸡生产性能、免疫能力及抗氧化能力的影响。实验选取192只1日龄天露黑鸡2号,随机分为8组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只鸡,实验时间为21 d。对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组饲喂基础日粮加250 g/t的4%恩拉霉素,实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂基础日粮加100、300、500 g/t含有益生菌与酶制剂的添加剂A,实验组Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ分别饲喂基础日粮加200、500、800 g/t含有益生菌、酶制剂与大蒜素的添加剂B。结果表明：添加剂A与添加剂B都能够提高肉鸡平均日增重。添加剂A与添加剂B都会显著降低血清中葡萄糖与尿素氮浓度(P<0.05),极显著降低总胆固醇、甘油三酯、免疫球蛋白、白细胞介素-10浓度(P<0.01),极显著增加白细胞介素1-β与肿瘤坏死因子-α浓度(P<0.01)。研究表明,适量添加添加剂A或添加剂B能够起到与抗生素相类似的作用,在一定程度上能够替代恩拉霉素。     

预分解窑窑头和窑尾参数的分析与控制

新型干法水泥是目前水泥行业的发展趋势,中央控制室是新型干法水泥生产线的控制指挥中心。预分解窑系统需要控制的参数较多,综合考虑各参数的变化将有利于窑系统的稳定运行。窑头和窑尾参数是准确判断窑系统运行状况的重要参数,包括窑尾的温度、压力,窑头的温度、压力,窑尾的气体分析等,在操作中应引起操作员的重视。     

Towards a better understanding of the pectin structure-function relationship in broccoli during processing: Part I—macroscopic and molecular analyses

To investigate the structure-function relationship of pectin during (pre)processing, broccoli samples (Brassica oleracea L. cultivar italica) were subjected to one of the following pretreatments: (i) low-temperature blanching (LTB), (ii) LTB in combination with Ca²⁺ infusion, (iii) high-pressure pretreatment (HP), (iv) HP in combination with Ca²⁺ infusion, or (v) no pretreatment (control sample), whether or not in combination with a thermal treatment of 15 min at 90 °C. The macroscopic attributes of broccoli were linked to the chemical structure of broccoli pectin. By enhancing the cross-linking of pectic polymers, both LTB and HP reduced the texture loss that occurred during thermal processing of broccoli. During these pretreatments, homogalacturonan was de-esterified by pectin methylesterase, which led to changes in pectin solubility. When LTB or HP was combined with Ca²⁺ infusion, changes in the structure of pectin occurred, however not always reflected at the macroscopic level. The degree of esterification of pectin in Ca²⁺-soaked broccoli samples was lower compared to non-Ca²⁺-soaked samples and, in addition, a higher amount of ionically cross-linked pectin was retrieved.     

试谈新型水泥熟料生产线的试生产组识

全面总结了新型干法熟料生产线试生产组织阶段节点计划的制定和要求,必备条件准备和系列注意事项;详细介绍了单机试车的相关准备工作和要求,试车前、试车中和试车后的检查内容和要求,以及各类设备的单机试车时间和要求;简要分析了达标验收前试产中发现的各类问题并提出了针对性的技术整改或操作优化处理方法。     

我国新型干法生产技术现状分析与发展思索

中国的水泥产量已连续16 a位居世界第一。2001年水泥总产6.4亿t,但其中新型干法水泥仅占约14％。经过近30 a的试验研究和实践探索,目前中国新型干法生产的工艺技术、装备研发和新技术的应用实践等发展迅速。原料的综合利用和预均化技术使生产原料得以拓宽;机械装备的国产化和大型化使生产规模逐步扩大且投资逐步降低;高效低阻预分解炉系统、高效冷却机、新型环保技术、纯低温余热发电技术及无烟煤煅烧技术等新技术的成功应用,使其技经效益突出。进入新世纪来,中国新型干法生产技术进入了快速发展轨道并仍将继续。文中还重点介绍了5 000 t/d和2500 t/d这二种主流生产线的主要工艺及主机配置方案。     

从预分解窑烧成系统的技术优势讨论上大改小

从预分解窑烧成系统在熟料煅烧质量方面的技术优势讨论“上大改小”的必要性,并就如何实施“上大改小“提出一些看法。     

用NSP节能自吸泵替换WFB自吸泵的实践

介绍了近年开发NSP高效元密封自控自吸泵的特性。通过与传统WFB无密封自控自吸泵进行了对比,NSP高效无密封自控自吸泵实际节能效果具有明显的优势,为企业降低了运行成本费用,增加了经济效益。     

Dynamical nuclear safeguard investigations in nuclear materials using Analytic Pair Values

The operation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) has been investigated from the view point of safeguard assessment. The risk of terrorist attack on NPPs is one of the critical points in the secure plant operations. The basic event of the related incidents is quantified by the random sampling using a Monte-Carlo method. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is developed leading to the maximum pair values with multiplications which are decided by reactor characteristics. The matrix form analysis is compared with five NPP types of interest. Using a life cycle of 60 years, the range of the secure operation is between 0.020628 and 0.0212986, as relative numbers. This means the highest value in the range of secure power operation is about 1.043 times larger than the lowest one in this study. The consistency has the highest consistent values in the 24th and 54th years, as represented by C.I. (Consistency Index) and C.R. (Consistency Ratio). Finally, a nuclear safeguard protocol (NSP) is successfully constructed for the safe operation.