WAVE INTERACTION WITH PERFORATED CAISSON BREAKWATERS

The reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the total horizontal forces acting on them were experimentally and numerically analyzed and discussed when wave propagates normally. To consider the viscosity effect of fluid and nonlinear action of waves on structures, the VOF (Volume Of Fluid) method combined with the k-ε turbulence model was used to simulate the interaction between waves and structures. Governing equations were solved with the finite difference method. Through 2D experimental study in the wave flume, the empirical relationship between the reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the main affecting factors were obtained from the experimental data using the least square method. Also the correlation between the ratio of the total horizontal force acting on perforated caisson and the force acting on solid caisson and the main affecting factors were regressed from the experimental data.     

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON HORIZONTAL OIL-GAS FLOW

Experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristics of oil-gas flow in a horizontal pipe on a large scale (with the inner diameter D = 125 mm). With the experimental data, the flow patterns were presented. Through the analyses for the flow regime transition, it was found that there was a critical superficial velocity of liquid phase for the flow regime transiting from stratified flow to slug flow. The slug flow could not occur until the superficial velocity of liquid phase was higher than the critical velocity. For the flow pattern transiting from stratified to slug flow, the transmitting velocity of gas phase decreases with the augmentation of superficial velocity of liquid phase. On the basis of the experiments, numerical simulations of different flow patterns and their transitions were performed with the use of the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) technique. The results of the computations are shown to match well with the measured data in the experiments.     

Optimal design of gating systems by gradient search methods

A numerical optimization technique based on gradient-search is applied to obtain an optimal design of a typical gating system used for the gravity process to produce aluminum parts. This represents a novel application of coupling nonlinear optimization techniques with a foundry process simulator, and it is motivated by the fact that a scientifically guided search for better designs based on techniques that take into account the mathematical structure of the problem is preferred to commonly found trial-and-error approaches. The simulator applies the finite volume method and the VOF algorithm for CFD analysis. The direct gradient optimization algorithm, sequential quadratic programming (SQP), was used to solve both a 2D and a 3D gating system design problems using two design variables. The results clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for finding high quality castings when compared with current industry practices.     

波流环境中污染物混合的分析

本文根据垂向二维数值模型计算求解和分析了波流环境中的一维对流扩散方程中的混合系数。此二维数值模型采用非线性k-ε紊流模型封闭雷诺时均方程，应用VOF方法处理自由面。分析方法是用该二维模型计算波流环境中污染物瞬时源产生的浓度场，计算该浓度场的断面平均浓度，求此断面平均浓度的概率分布，由概率分布的方差随时间的导数得到一维对流扩散问题中的混合系数。通过算例分析，发现波流环境混合系数随着波浪周期和波 高的不同，可能大于纯流和纯波的混合系数之和，也可能比纯流情况下小；波周期与混合系数呈正比。且存在一个使混合系数最大的波高。     

盆池涡涡动过程数值研究

盆池涡是在盆池排水时在盆池中央的排水管道入口处形成的漏斗状旋涡。文中采用标准κ-ε湍流模型和VOF方法对盆池涡的涡动全过程进行了仿真模拟，然后对计算结果进行分析和归纳，提出了盆池涡涡动机理假说。盆池涡是由外来扰动或流道截面几何形状的不规则或表面粗糙度不均匀引起速度场一定的切向流动而诱发出来的旋涡，其旋转方向是随机的，但与形成的切向流动方向一致。盆池涡是一种类兰金涡，速度和压力的分布具有兰金组合涡的特点；盆池涡在成熟阶段具有三个特性区域，分别称为抽气孔、吸气孔、抬气区域。     

空泡溃灭水锤的VOF计算方法

空泡溃灭水锤是核电厂冷却循环系统中较常出现的一种严重的水锤事故。空泡的形成和溃灭是复杂的两相、瞬态过程，对于这一现象的分析是相当困难的。作者尝试着把蒸汽泡的边界看成是冷水流动的自由面，在自由面上考虑蒸汽的凝结。对于自由面的ＶＯＦ算法用了ＶＯＦ算法，取得了令人满意的结果，不仅形象地描绘了空泡的形成和溃灭的过程，而且得到了与实验相符的空泡溃灭高压和弥合速度，因此可为管道设计提供理论基础。     

快速闸门断流的轴流泵起动过程三维数值模拟

针对轴流泵机组起动过程的研究是泵站安全稳定运行研究的重要环节。为了准确捕捉轴流泵机组在起动过渡过程中的动态特性,建立轴流泵机组的全流道三维模型,采用三维CFD计算软件Fluent,利用基于有限体积法的动网格技术,配合VOF多相流模型对快速闸门断流的轴流泵机组起动过程进行了三维瞬态数值模拟,获得了轴流泵机组起动过渡过程中的流态变化及外特性参数的变化规律。闸门开启时间为60s时,机组起动扬程在12s时达到最大值2.76m,为运行扬程的1.28倍。减小快速闸门开启时间能够降低机组最大起动扬程,但同时会加剧回流及闸门处的水流撞击。计算结果表明:动网格技术结合VOF多相流模型可以较好的应用于快速闸门断流的轴流泵机组起动过渡过程数值模拟中,其结果可为泵站水力设计及轴流泵机组的过渡过程研究提供参考。     

单体与三体高速船舶粘性流场数值模拟

为了检验CFD在船舶粘性流场计算中的有效性,基于RANSE方法,对单体船型DTMB 5415和三体船FA1粘性流场进行了数值模拟.自由面处理采用VOF方法,湍流模型选用SSTk-ω模型,计算结果与试验数据进行了比较,在傅汝德数不是很高时吻合较好.计算结果表明,CFD可以用来研究复杂船型流动问题,对于阻力、伴流等重要的水动力参数,CFD能够给出与试验相一致的结果;同时VOF方法可以比较好地捕捉船舶自由面波形,对于三体船,计算结果能够清晰地反映出主体和侧体之间强烈的兴波干扰现象,可以为船型优化提供重要的参考.     

无挡板搅拌槽内的自由表面湍流流场研究

基于VOF多相流模型,建立了自由液面搅拌流场的数值模型和模拟方法。以偏心和无挡板中心搅拌槽为例,分别使用标准k-ε模型和分离涡模型研究了搅拌槽内流体的时均速度分布,发现数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,仅略低于实验值。整体而言,使用分离涡模型时模拟结果与实验值之间的误差不超过12%,而k-ε模型的模拟精度则较差。研究结果表明,分离涡模型和VOF模型相结合,能很好地模拟搅拌槽内流体的自由液面流动特性。     

水平管内汽液两相流流型及换热特性数值模拟

为研究水平管内相变汽液两相流动流型变化,使用VOF模型和RSM湍流模型对其进行了数值模拟,分析了水平管内对流换热、压降及流型的变化．模拟结果表明:VOF模型和RSM湍流模型可用于模拟两相流流型中的泡状流、分层流、波状流、弹状流以及环状流;模拟结果与Mandhane流型图基本吻合;对流换热系数及压降与已有关联式吻合较好．