大朝山水电站地下洞室安全监测资料分析

大朝山水电站引水发电系统为地下工程，根据各项安全监测物理量的主要观测成果，对最大观测值分析其对工程的安全影响，为保证其安全运行具有重要意义。为此，分别对大朝山水电站的主要地下建筑物，包括压力引水隧洞、地下厂房、尾水调压室的最大观测值进行了分析研究，并提出了一些建议，有较大的参考价值。     

Simplified design of rock cavern concrete lining to resist shock loading

A simplified method was proposed for the design of concrete lining in underground rock cavern/tunnel against shock loading. The loading may result from the detonation of explosives on ground surface or ground penetration projectiles exploding adjacent to the cavern/tunnel. The resulting problem necessitates the solution of the dynamics of a beam loaded by a transient pressure uniformly distributed over the span. According to mechanical characteristics of the system with rock bolt and shotcrete, a dynamic support design method based on equivalent single degree of freedom (SDOF) was put forward. The SDOF method was applied to obtaining the maximum displacement at the mid-span of the beam, which is often the controlling factor in the blast-resistant design. In the formulation of the problem, the proposed method combines the phenomena of spalling and structural dynamics theory. An example is provided to demonstrate the applicability of this simplified method.     

地下洞室开挖的并行计算

介绍了有限元分析的力学理论,提出开挖释放荷载的计算方法和模拟思路。基于Krylov子空间迭代法和预条件技术,采用基于区域分解思想的粗粒度并行策略开发了地下洞室群开挖模拟的并行有限元程序。最后,用算例说明并行计算的高效性。     

大型地下洞室上层爆破开挖对下层围岩振动特性的影响

某地下实验厅采用上、下层同时爆破开挖,最后进行贯通的开挖施工方案。采用现场爆破试验监测的手段,研究了上层水平钻孔爆破开挖时下层围岩的质点峰值振动速度及频率特性,分析了上层爆破开挖对下层围岩动力稳定的影响。研究结果表明,大型地下洞室上层水平钻孔爆破开挖时,爆炸地震波能量主要向下层岩体传播,致使下层洞室顶拱处的振动速度大于上层底板相同距离处的振动速度;爆破振动主要以剪切波(SV波)的形式向下层岩体传播,下层洞室围岩在平行于炮孔纵轴向(实验厅纵轴向)方向上的振动速度最大;由于上层的爆破振动以体波的形式在岩体内向下层传播,下层围岩的振动频率更高。     

索风营水电站右岸地下厂房洞室群围岩稳定数值模拟

为判断索风营水电站右岸地下厂房洞室群围岩稳定性,采用自主研制的三维弹塑性有限元程序对该地下厂房洞室群岩体初始应力场、开挖方案、开挖过程、加固措施、围岩应力及变形等方面进行了数值模拟.数值模拟结果表明,该地下厂房洞室群围岩稳定性整体较好,可为工程设计与施工提供指导.     

Seismic response and stability of underground rock caverns: a case study of Baihetan underground cavern complex

The seismic stability of the underground cavern complex, which houses the Baihetan hydropower plant in Yunnan Province, China, currently the world’s 2nd largest underground rock cavern group, is studied in this article. A preliminary performance-based seismic assessment approach specified for underground rock caverns is firstly proposed. The seismic performance objectives are classified. Reference earthquake motions are specified with the determination of the seismic variables. Detailed dynamic response analyses (Method 2B) are conducted based on the parameters given by the cyclic dynamic loading tests with medium strain rate. The seismic response of acceleration, stress, displacement and failure zones are studied. In addition, the seismic spectrum characteristics are analysed with a newly introduced wavelet packet technique. The mechanism of the support measures for seismic stability is also discussed. The assessment for seismic performance of the underground cavern complex is obtained by integrating these results. Serviceability objective of the underground cavern complex under operating basis earthquake may be satisfied, and the safety objective be feasible but with the presence of the proposed reinforcement system. The seismic isolation design is preferred, yet not necessary. And if any seismic isolation design is to be adopted, the frequency absorption range of the isolation material is expected to be 1–4 Hz.     

大型地下石洞油气库人工水幕技术

人工水幕技术,是建造储存石油和天然气的不衬砌石洞地下库的关键。一座总库容为300万m3、9条20 m×30 m×(484~717)m的中国首座大型地下水封洞库建成,标志我国"国家战略石油地下储备库"的梦想成真。给出了人工水幕技术原理、具体实施关键技术以及水封效果。理论分析与初步实践结果表明,在年均降水量736mm的花岗片麻岩内建造储存原油洞库,是切实可行的。首座大型地下水封石洞储库的施工建设技术,对我国后续的国家战略油气地下储库规划实施,起到了示范启迪与借鉴作用。     

小断面洞室工程施工出渣方式优化设计研究

地下洞室工程施工,出渣环节是制约进度的主要因素之一,对安全影响也大。出渣系统和设备对工程进度和造价影响大,选择适当,往往事半功倍,其选择一般根据洞室断面大小、工程进度要求和施工经济效益等方面确定。文中以临汾市引沁入汾和川取水输水工程3号隧洞工程为例进行分析,阐述小断面洞室工程开挖施工出渣方式的选择。     

地下盐穴储气库盐岩热损伤机理

基于变质量热力学原理，建立盐穴储气库注采过程中的工程热力学分析数学模型，给出了单个注气和采气过程中温度和压力随时间变化的解析解，作为数值模拟的边界条件。根据金坛储气库的基本数据和盐岩实验研究参数，利用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件建立单腔盐穴注采过程的温度-应力耦合模型，模拟恒定注采速率下盐腔围岩的拉伸损伤、剪切损伤和膨胀损伤分布情况，研究夹层和热应力对围岩损伤的影响。基于热应力理论，结合模拟结果分析盐穴储气库注、采气过程中围岩的热损伤机理。模拟结果表明：在热应力存在的情况下，夹层的存在促进了围岩损伤的产生，无夹层时围岩无损伤发生，有夹层时围岩存在损伤；注气过程和采气过程的损伤发生位置存在差别：注气过程损伤多发生在夹层附近的盐岩中，采气过程损伤多发生在夹层中；膨胀损伤的范围最广，且损伤范围覆盖了前2种损伤，因此实际生产过程中推荐使用膨胀损伤判据，损伤评价结果更为保守。     

综采工作面支架对接技术在新集一矿的应用

通过对综采工作面对接技术的研究,采用在回风顺槽上帮施工硐室,阐述了支架对接技术的施工工艺流程及技术控制措施,实践证明,该工艺技术可行,经济合理,不仅提高了煤炭资源的采出率,缓解了生产接替,同时创造了可观的经济效益,具有良好的推广应用价值。