孔隙液体对透明土渗透特性影响对比试验

针对熔融石英砂与混合油、溴化钙及蔗糖等孔隙液体制配成的3种透明土试样,开展渗流液体与孔隙液体一致或者不一致两种情况下的常水头渗透试验,测得透明土材料在不同孔隙液体、粒径及相对密实度等情况下的渗透率,以及水在3种透明土试样中的渗透过程;并与福建标准砂相关试验结果进行了对比分析。进而开展透明土试样电渗可视化模型试验,初步探讨孔隙液体、渗透率等因素对电渗过程与机理的影响规律。试验结果表明,透明土试样渗透特性不仅与粒径分布、相对密实度等因素相关,而且与孔隙液体种类相关;混合油、溴化钙溶液制配成的透明土渗透率与天然砂土渗透率最为相近。     

碳化混凝土模拟再碱化过程锂离子的物料传递

通过检测不同条件下Li+离子在混凝土中的浓度变化和滞留量,考察了再碱化过程中物料的传递方式及其在该过程中的作用.结果表明:在电场作用下,锂离子通过电渗和电迁移由溶液向混凝土迁移;再碱化过程前期主要靠扩散实现,后期则主要由电渗和电迁移来完成.     

Ion Channels and Electroosmosis in Porous Geopolymers: A Novel Category of Low-Cost Memristors

Memristors are electric components that emulate the memory and computational properties of biological synapses by remembering the current that flows through them. Here, for the first time, the memristive properties of geopolymers, inexpensive ceramic materials manufactured at room temperature from alkaline activation of amorphous aluminosilicate precursors, are presented. It is demonstrated that geopolymers present all the fingerprints of memristors, and a physics-based model is proposed, which demonstrates that electroosmosis in the bulk geopolymer pores induces ion channels that foster change in the overall conductance of the bulk material, contributing to the observed memristive behavior. This model opens the door to a new category of porous electroosmosis-based bulk memristors. Synaptic functions such as short-term plasticity and long-term plasticity, as well as endurance and retention capabilities are also demonstrated. The reported findings pave the way to the use of geopolymers for low-cost applications in neuromorphic computing.     

Electrode surface treatments in sludge electro-osmosis dewatering

The sewage sludge dewatering produced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is a multifaceted process due to the presence of colloid fractions. Electro-osmosis could be a suitable technique to reduce the water content of the final sludge. Electric fields of 10, 15, and 20?V/cm have been studied for electro-osmosis tests under the pressure of a static or rotating piston, obtaining a dry solids content up to 40–45%, with respect to 25–30% obtained by mechanical methods. In order to optimize the process, the corrosion behavior and the wear of the anodic material appear to be the main critical aspects, due to the high circulating current density and the use of a rotating electrode. We compared the efficiency and the corrosion resistance of dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) with respect to bare stainless steel (AISI 304) and stainless steel coated by PVD technique with TiN, AlTiN, and DLC. Characterization of the anode surfaces by SEM and potentiodynamic tests show that DSA is the most suitable material for our application. However, efficiencies of the electro-osmosis processes have been found comparable, in terms of developed current densities and total energy consumptions, for short-test duration.     

桥梁墩柱外观混凝土施工新技术

结合模板衬里铺垫材料、电渗排水成型技术、外加剂涂刷工艺,汇总介绍了保证桥梁墩柱混凝土结构外观质量的方法。提升桥梁工程混凝土外观质量,除了提升施工管理,还应积极应用新技术、新材料。     

电渗法加固软土地基试验研究

 在自制的电渗固结装置上,进行轴对称工况软黏土不同初始条件及通电条件下的电渗试验。通过监测电渗过程中的电流、电势、排水量、抗剪强度、含水率和沉降,对比分析不同条件下的土体电渗固结性状,并得出以下结论：(1) 电渗法对软黏土地基处理效果良好,可达到减少土体含水率、提高土体抗剪强度、减小土体工后沉降等目的;(2) 高电压及高含水率土体的电渗效果好于低电压及低含水率的土体;(3) 含水率及电压相同条件下,间歇通电时的土体电能利用率较高,且电渗后土体的整体差异性较小;(4) 电渗也会造成一定的电极腐蚀,低电压及间歇通电条件下,电极的腐蚀相对较小。     

软黏土二维电渗固结性状的试验研究

 利用自制的试验装置,进行轴对称条件下的饱和软黏土电渗固结试验,通过测量电渗过程中的电势、电流和排出的水量以及电渗结束后土体的沉降量和含水率分布,从电渗机制和能量消耗的角度研究土体的性状。结果表明：(1) 土体中的电势不仅与到阴极的距离有关,而且与通电时间有关。轴对称条件下电势以折线形式分布,折点在阴极附近。(2) 土体中的电场强度并不是不变的,当忽略界面电阻的影响时,它随电渗时间线性减小。(3) 在电渗的后期,土体电阻率和能量消耗急剧增加,并且存在突变点。试验证明,可以通过能耗系数曲线来控制电渗时间,减少能量消耗,提高电渗效益。     

通电方式对电渗加固软土影响试验研究

采用微型电渗试验装置,进行持续通电、逐级增加电压、逐级降低电压以及电流衰减增加电压四组室内模型试验,对比研究通电方式对电渗排水加固效果的影响,探索对电渗加固有利的通电方式。记录试验过程中排水量、电流、有效电势、排水速率等指标,检测试验结束后土体抗剪强度、含水率。试验结果表明:电流衰减时增加电压通电方式使电流保持较高水平,能排出较多的水,所得十字板抗剪强度最高,处理效果最好。其次是持续通电方式、逐级增加电压方式,逐级降低电压通电方式处理效果不理想;电势在阳极处损失较大,逐级增加电压以及电流衰减方式在处理的后期能保持较高的有效电势,相比持续通电方式有效电势高出约15%。因此采用电流衰减时增加电压能发挥较好的加固效果。     

活性炭处理电渗过程中阳极产生的裂缝试验研究

在自制的模型箱里进行两组电渗排水试验,第一组试验（T1）用于探究电渗过程中在阳极和阴极附近产生的裂缝对电渗结果的影响程度,通过对比两极裂缝处消耗的电势降、电能及电阻值,得出阳极裂缝对电渗的影响明显强于阴极裂缝;在此基础之上,第二组试验（T2）用导电性良好的活性炭粉末对阳极裂缝进行了预处理,通过对比T1与T2在阳极附近消耗电势降、电能耗、试验排水量及土体最终含水率,探究对阳极裂缝处理的可行性,得出阳极裂缝处理的初步结论,即用活性炭对阳极裂缝进行初步处理有利于电渗过程中水体的排出,在较短的试验时间内,加入活性炭的土体阳极耗能大于裂缝消耗的电能。     

On-demand particle enrichment in a microfluidic channel by a locally controlled floating electrode

A flexible strategy for the on-demand control of the particle enrichment and positioning in a microfluidic channel is proposed and demonstrated by the use of a locally controlled floating metal electrode attached to the channel bottom wall. The channel is subjected to an axially acting global DC electric field, but the degree of charge polarization of the floating electrode is governed largely by a local control of the voltage applied to two micron-sized control electrodes (CEs) on either side of the floating electrode (FE). This strategy allows an independent tuning of the electrokinetic phenomena engendered by the floating electrode regardless of the global electric field across the channel, thus making the method for particle manipulation far more versatile and flexible. In contrast to a dielectric microchannel wall possessing a nearly uniform surface charge (or zeta potential), the patterned metal strip (floating electrode) is polarized under electric field resulting in a non-uniform distribution of the induced surface charge with a zero net surface charge, and accordingly induced-charge electro-osmotic (ICEO) flow. The ICEO flow can be regulated by the control electric field through tuning the magnitude and polarity of the voltage applied to the CEs, which in turn affects both the hydrodynamic field as well as the particle motion. By controlling the control electric field, on-demand control of the particle enrichment and its position inside a microfluidic channel has been experimentally demonstrated.