Consumer perception of extruded snacks containing brown rice and dried mushroom

Effects of mushroom type, seasoning and health benefit information (HBI) on consumers’ saltiness expectation, sensory liking, elicited emotions and purchase intent (PI) of extruded snacks were investigated. Five snacks were evaluated: straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) extrudates without (SME) or with seasoning (SMES), phoenix mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) extrudates without (PME) or with seasoning (PMES), and the control without mushroom and seasoning. Hedonic scores and positive emotions were generally higher for seasoned mushroom-containing snacks (SMES and PMES) with 65% and 75.83% of consumers reporting willingness to purchase, respectively, after receiving HBI. Bored, interested and satisfied were identified as significant emotional predictors for PI odds. Flavour, saltiness, overall liking, bored, good and interested were critical attributes, differentiating snacks. This study demonstrated that sensory liking and PI of extruded brown rice-based snacks containing mushroom could be improved through savoury seasoning addition, which also allowed saltiness expectations to be met.     

PVC挤塑制品的着色

通过对PVC挤塑材料性能的分析，探讨了影响PVC挤塑制品着色的主要因素；从原材料及加工过程的特点，寻找控制着色产品色泽的主要因素；认为对材料的配方及配混工艺、挤塑加工工艺进行严格控制，是控制好PVC挤塑制品色泽的主要途径。     

硬质PVC挤出发泡材料的塑化性能研究

采用Haake转矩流变仪测定了挤出发泡PVC混合料的恒温、升温熔融塑化性能，结果表明：随着PVC树脂聚合度增加，塑化时间和加工转矩增加；随着ACR加工助剂用量和分子质量的增加，塑化时间缩短，转矩增加；ACR抗冲改性剂具有类似ACR加工助剂的塑化改良行为；添加填充剂碳酸钙促进PVC熔融塑化；ADC发泡剂可延缓PVC混合料的塑化速率、提高熔体粘度，添加发泡剂NaHCO3将大大延缓混合料的塑化速率。     

信号交叉口影响区路边停车的交通流延误模型

为了提高路边停车带的利用率和减小其对路段交通流的影响,以城市一幅路为研究对象,从分析路边停车带的车辆驶出、汇入时对道路动态交通流的影响入手,考虑路边停放车辆及信号控制的共同作用,运用稳态理论分析车辆在信号交叉口的延误时间,建立了停车带第i个泊位车辆驶出影响下,单位时间内机动车流在信号交叉口的延误-Di与停车带离开停车线的距离L0、路段交通流量以及信号周期时长C和红灯时间r的关系模型.以南京市天津路路边停车带为例,重点分析了距离交叉口停车线最近停车位的车辆驶出引起的延误时间-D1随L0、信号周期时长C、红灯时间r变化的规律,结果表明,随着交叉口饱和流率的不同,停车带与交叉口的距离可分别在60m和90m区间设定,而交叉口信号周期长度和红灯时间比例均对延误结果存在显著影响.     

夏热冬冷地区双面保温体系传热系数研究

本文通过改变挤塑式聚苯乙烯保温板的位置和厚度,测定了普通砖墙双面保温体系的传热系数.研究结果表明：设置双面保温体系的普通砖墙受热桥影响很小,能够较好地满足夏热冬冷地区的建筑节能标准和要求.     

对中国铝挤压工业若干问题的探讨

经过48年来的发展中国铝挤压工业成就辉煌，举世瞩目，已成为全球最大的铝材挤压大国与消费大国，成为挤压铝材强国的时日也为期不远了。2003年中国挤压铝材的产量2335kt，消费量1980kt；中国是一个挤压铝型材净出口国，2003年的净出口量为219．24kt。尽管如此，但仍存在一些具有挑战性的问题，诸如：产业结构不合理，研发力量薄弱，能源消费大，低水平重复建设仍在发展，伪劣产品屡禁不止等等。这些问题当然会在今后不断完善的中国社会主义市场发展中得到解决，如果对它们的不足之处有充分的认识并加以妥善解决，就会缩短问题存在的期限，使中国早日跻身世界铝材挤压强国之林。     

喷射成形Al10.8Zn2.9Mg1.9Cu合金的显微组织演变规律研究

主要采用金相、X射线衍射和透射电镜等测试手段，对M10．8Zn2．9Mg1．9Cu合金在沉积、挤压和热处理3种状态的显微组织演变规律进行研究。结果表明：合金在沉积和挤压前预热两种状态中基体都由等轴晶粒组成，晶粒的平均尺寸分别约为23和24μm，热挤压之后．晶粒平行挤压方向被拉长。在沉积和挤压两种状态中一次析出相主要为MgZn2，Al2Cu和Al2CuMg3种，没有发生变化；热处理之后，一次析出相大部分回溶，少量的Al2CuMg相没有回溶。Al10．8Zn2．9Mg1．9Cu合金经过热处理之后，晶内分布大量弥散的尺寸约为6～15nm的η’，晶界上分布不连续、尺寸在10～20nm左右的η相，不存在明显的晶间无析出带。     

基于时空分布模型的混凝土面板堆石坝挤压边墙变形监测资料分析

基于挤压边墙多测点变形监测资料,通过引入监测点的空间坐标标量,结合场理论建立了挤压边墙变形时空分布模型。结合建设中的涔天河水库扩建工程挤压边墙的实测变形资料,验证了本文建立的挤压边墙变形时空分布模型。结果表明,该混凝土面板堆石坝挤压边墙的监测区域上部仍处于发展状态,尚不适合面板混凝土的施工。     

Recovery of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in ripened cheese obtained from milk of cows fed different levels of extruded flaxseed

The aim of the study was to investigate whether the addition of extruded flaxseed (EF) in dairy cow diets had an effect on milk fat and individual fatty acids (FA) recovery in cheese after 90 d of ripening. Eighteen Holstein-Friesian cows, divided into 3 experimental groups (6 cows/group), were fed 3 isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with 0 (CTR), 500 (EF500), or 1,000 g/d (EF1000) of EF in 3 subsequent periods (2 wk/each), following a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were recorded daily. Individual milk samples were collected on d 7 and 13 of each period to determine proximate and FA composition. Eighteen cheese-making sessions (2 for each group and period) were carried out, using a representative pooled milk sample obtained from the 6 cows of each group (10 L). At 90 d of ripening, cheeses were analyzed for proximate and FA composition. Cheese yield was computed as the ratio between the weights of ripened cheese and processed milk. Recoveries of fat, individual FA, and grouped FA were computed as the ratio between the corresponding weights in cheese and in milk. Inclusion of EF did not affect DMI, milk yield, or milk composition. Compared with CTR, the 2 diets containing EF increased the proportion of C18:3n-3 and total n-3 FA, in both milk and cheese. Cheese yield and cheese fat percentage did not differ among diets. Likewise, milk fat recovery in cheese was comparable in the 3 treatments and averaged 0.85. The recoveries of individual FA were, for the most part, not dissimilar from fat recovery, except for short-chain saturated FA (from 0.38 for C4:0 to 0.80 for C13:0), some long-chain saturated FA (0.56 and 0.62 for C20:0 and C21:0, respectively), and for C18:3n-6 (1.65). The recovery of saturated FA was lower than that of monounsaturated FA, whereas recovery of polyunsaturated FA was intermediate. Compared with medium- and long-chain FA, short-chain FA were recovered to a smaller extent in cheese. No differences in recovery were found between n-6 and n-3 FA. In conclusion, FA have different recoveries during cheese-making, with lower values for the short-chain compared with long-chain FA, and for saturated FA compared with unsaturated FA. The addition of EF in dairy cow diets did not influence cheese yield or fat recovery in cheese, irrespective of the inclusion level. The experiment confirmed that feeding cows with EF represents a successful strategy for improving the FA profile of dairy products, through an increase of n-3 FA.     

一模多孔铝合金型材牵引技术的应用

采用Solidworks对一模多孔铝型材挤压技术进行了模拟,模拟结果表明:在一模多孔挤压过程中,不同孔的料受力不均匀,左上方受力最大,右下方受力最小;对恒定牵引力7 kN下一模多孔挤压过程进行模拟发现,在牵引力的作用下,各孔料受力变得均匀。基于模拟结果,提出了双头单轨牵引技术的工艺路线,并在14 MN挤压生产线上进行试验,在牵引机作用下,一模多孔铝型材平直,表面质量良好。