Mapping nonnative plants using hyperspectral imagery

Nonnative plant species are causing enormous ecological and environmental impacts from local to global scale. Remote sensing images have had mixed success in providing spatial information on land cover characteristics to land managers that increase effective management of invasions into native habitats. However, there has been limited evaluation of the use of hyperspectral data and processing techniques for mapping specific invasive species based on their spectral characteristics. This research evaluated three different methods of processing hyperspectral imagery: minimum noise fraction (MNF), continuum removal, and band ratio indices for mapping iceplant (Carpobrotus edulis) and jubata grass (Cortaderia jubata) in California's coastal habitat. Validation with field sampling data showed high mapping accuracies for all methods for identifying presence or absence of iceplant (97%), with the MNF procedure producing the highest accuracy (55%) when the classes were divided into four different densities of iceplant.     

小麦、玉米控制灌溉技术研究

198 6～ 1998年 ,在山东省的 3个灌溉试验站 ,对冬小麦、秋玉米进行了控制灌溉试验 ,对农作物的多个生育阶段 ,按高产的要求 ,分别给予适时、适量的灌溉水 ,来控制作物不同生长期的根层土壤含水量 ,从而控制作物不同生长期根系对水分的吸收 ,培植农作物的“丰产群体结构”和与之相适应的“高产理想株型” ,适当降低无效的蒸腾量 ,使农作物能在高产的基础上再增产 .该项控制灌溉技术获得了明显的节水、增产效果 ,灌溉水的生产效率超过了 10kg/m3,产量超过了 8t/hm2 .     

加速水保草业建设 提高生态经济效益

水保种草有山地治理、改土开发、松林改造、封禁培育四种类型，是水土保持主要植物措施之一，见效快，效果好，效益显著。要提高认识，建立基地。做好草的转化利用．     

重庆荣昌夏布的原产地保护与技术自主创新

荣昌夏布具有原产地保护产品的特征，对该产品实施原产地保护工作存在的主要问题为没有统一的生产标准、产品结构单一及产品技术含量不高等。对此问题的解决，一方面要依靠政府的力量．另一方面企业自身要不断实现技术自主创新。     

CaO—SiO2-FeO—Cl体系中Zn、Pb挥发物的热力学研究

应用FaetSage热力学软件对不同温度下的FeO—CaO—SiO2-Cl体系中Zn、Ph挥发行为进行分析,采用气流携带法对FeO—CaO-SiO2-Cl体系中Zn、Pb挥发物的饱和蒸气压进行测定,并通过试验分析了温度对其体系中Zn、Pb挥发率的影响。结果表明,温度为970～1030K条件下FeO-CaO-SiO2-Cl体系中Zn、Pb主要以氯化物形式存在,氯化物的饱和蒸气压均随着温度的升高而增加,且InP～1／T呈较好的线性关系,其体系中Zn、Pb挥发率亦随着温度的升高而增加。     

FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO—PbO-Cl体系中Zn、Pb氯化物饱和蒸气压的测定

采用气流携带法对FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO-PbO-Cl体系中Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压进行测定,并对温度、渣成分、Cl含量等影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,温度为970～1030K条件下FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO-PbO-Cl体系中Zn、Pb氯化物饱和蒸气压均随着温度的升高而增加,且P1）氯化物蒸气压值的对数与温度的倒数之间呈较好的线性关系。碱度、FeO含量均对Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压影响很大,低碱度可提高Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压,高FeO含量虽可增加ZnCl2饱和蒸气压,却降低了Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压。Cl含量越高,该体系中Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压越大。     

Effects of molasses grass,Melinis minutiflora volatiles on the foraging behavior of the cereal stemborer parasitoid,Cotesia sesamiae

Olfactory responses of the cereal stemborer parasitoid Cotesia sesamiae to volatiles emitted by gramineous host and nonhost plants of the stemborers were studied in a Y-tube olfactometer. The host plants were maize (Zea mays) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor), while the nonhost plant was molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora). In single-choice tests, females of C. sesamiae chose volatiles from infested and uninfested host plants and molasses grass over volatiles from the control (soil). In dual-choice tests, the wasp preferred volatiles from infested host plants to those from uninfested host plants. There was no discrimination between molasses grass volatiles and those of uninfested maize, uninfested sorghum, or infested maize. The wasp preferred sorghum volatiles over maize. Combining uninfested maize or sorghum with molasses grass did not make volatiles from the combination more attractive as compared to only uninfested host plants. Infested maize alone was as attractive as when combined with molasses grass. Infested sorghum was preferred over its combination with molasses grass. Local growth conditions of the molasses grasses influenced attractiveness to the parasitoids. Volatiles from Thika molasses grass were attractive, while those from Mbita molasses grass were not. Growing the Thika molasses grass in Mbita rendered it unattractive and vice versa with the Mbita molasses grass. This is a case of the same genotype expressing different phenotypes due to environmental factors.     

基于GMM-CNN的鱼道内鱼类游泳行为提取方法

鱼道设计离不开鱼类行为特性的研究,智能监控是观测、记录和量化鱼类行为的主要手段,但由于鱼道紊动的水流环境对鱼体精确跟踪造成了困难。本研究提出一种适用于鱼道研究的鱼类游泳行为提取方法,通过高斯混合模型（GMM）和卷积神经网络模型（CNN）对鱼体图像语义分割,再根据鱼体像素计算上溯轨迹、游泳速度和摆尾幅度。方法的验证以草鱼为试验对象,分别进行基于UNet和SegNet的鱼体语义分割对比试验和鱼类游泳行为提取试验。试验结果表明：（1） UNet模型的图像语义分割结果（MPA=95.9%,MIoU=93.3%）优于SegNet模型（MPA=95.5%,MIoU=92.8%）;（2）应用GMM-CNN模型进行过鱼轨迹跟踪,其坐标平均相对误差（MRE_x=7.1%,MRE_y=2.4%）低于单独使用GMM方法23.1%、11.6%;（3） GMM-CNN模型测算鱼类行为能够准确定位鱼体特征点,应用于提取鱼类游泳行为时具有较高的精确度。基于GMM-CNN鱼类游泳行为提取方法可以为鱼道设计提供技术支持。     

天然帽用草纤维的形态结构及EDS能谱分析

对蓆草、棕丝草、琅琊草、咸草、蒲草等5种帽用草纤维用扫描电镜观察其表面形态和截面结构,发现帽用纤维表面存在大量的气孔和沟槽,测量出气孔的长度20-73μm,宽度8-33μm。截面有较大的空隙,纤维空隙的大小依次是棕丝草、蒲草、琅琊草、蓆草、咸草。对其表面选取微区进行EDS能谱分析,结果表明5种帽用草纤维都含有C、O、Al,且C、O元素的含量都在96.99%以上,其他如Si、Na、Mg、Cl、P等属于微量元素,属纤维素纤维。