The greenhouse effect; Impact upon and the role to be played by construction

The authors highlight several possible ways in which the construction industry could lower present emissions of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. It is an excellent discussion document and is recommended reading.     

无线传感器网络在温室环境监测中的应用研究

以温室环境监测为应用背景,分析温室环境监控的特点,给出温室环境监控的系统体系结构,并结合温室监控的具体应用提出节能的数据融合算法,仿真实验表明该算法能有效提高节点能量的利用率和延长网络生命周期。     

Layout Optimization for Greenhouse WSN Based on Path Loss Analysis

When wireless sensor networks (WSN) are deployed in the vegetable greenhouse with dynamic connectivity and interference environment, it is necessary to increase the node transmit power to ensure the communication quality, which leads to serious network interference. To offset the negative impact, the transmit power of other nodes must also be increased. The result is that the network becomes worse and worse, and node energy is wasted a lot. Taking into account the irregular connection range in the cucumber greenhouse WSN, we measured the transmission characteristics of wireless signals under the 2.4 Ghz operating frequency. For improving network layout in the greenhouse, a semi-empirical prediction model of signal loss is then studied based on the measured data. Compared with other models, the average relative error of this semi-empirical signal loss model is only 2.3%. Finally, by combining the improved network topology algorithm and tabu search, this paper studies a greenhouse WSN layout that can reduce path loss, save energy, and ensure communication quality. Given the limitation of node-degree constraint in traditional network layout algorithms, the improved algorithm applies the forwarding constraint to balance network energy consumption and constructs asymmetric network communication links. Experimental results show that this research can realize the energy consumption optimization of WSN layout in the greenhouse.     

基于ZigBee的温室监测系统的低功耗设计

针对传统温室大棚有线监测系统存在施工复杂、线路多和维护难等缺陷,提出了一种基于ZigBee无线传感网络技术的低功耗温室监测系统的设计方案;通过对系统各部分的能耗进行分析,结合实际情况对传感器节点采用低功耗设计策略;硬件设计上采用低功耗射频芯片和智能开关芯片,软件编写上采用事件驱动方法延长节点休眠时间;该系统能够准确采集温室内光照度、空气温湿度、土壤水分和二氧化碳浓度等环境信息,并具有低功耗、低成本和易扩展等特点;测试结果验证了该方案的可行性。     

Methane Transport Capacity of Rice Plants. II. Variations Among Different Rice Cultivars and Relationship with Morphological Characteristics

Of the total methane (CH4) emitted from a rice field during the growing season 60–90% is emitted through the rice plants. We determined the methane transport capacity (MTC) of rice plants at different physiological growth stages using an automatic measuring system under greenhouse conditions. A total of 12 cultivars (10 inbred varieties and 2 hybrids) were studied in sets of two experiments and was distinguished into three groups according to the patterns of MTC development. MTC is generally increasing from seedling stage to panicle initiation (PI), but differs in the development from PI to maturity. While the hybrid showed a gradual increase in MTC, the inbred cultivars showed either minor changes in MTC or a drastic decrease from flowering to maturity. Among tall cultivars, Dular showed the highest MTC, followed by B40; the lowest MTC was found in Intan. High-yielding dwarf cultivars showed MTC in the descending order of IR72 > IR52 > IR64 > PSBRc 20. New plant type cultivars showed very low MTC with IR65600 exhibiting the smallest MTC at PI, flowering, and maturity. Hybrids (Magat and APHR 2) showed the largest MTC that continued to increased with plant growth. The MTC patterns were attributed to growth parameters and the development of morphological characteristics of the aerenchyma. These results suggest that in tall, dwarf, and NPT cultivars, increase in root or aboveground biomass during initial growth determines a corresponding increase in MTC. Once aerenchyma has fully developed, further increase in plant biomass would not influence MTC. However, in the case of hybrids, a positive relationship of MTC with root + shoot biomass (r = 0.672, p 0.05) and a total plant biomass including grain (r = 0.849, p 0.01) indicate continuous development of aerenchyma with plant growth, resulting in enhanced MTC. In all cultivars, tiller number, but not height, was linearly related to MTC, indicating that the number of outlets/channels rather than plant size/biomass determines the transport of CH₄. These results clearly demonstrate that rice cultivars differ significantly in MTC. Therefore, the use of high-yielding cultivars with low MTC (for example, PSBRc 20, IR65598, and IR65600) could be an economically feasible, environmentally sound, and promising approach to mitigate CH₄ emissions from rice fields.     

小型农作物温室大棚二氧化碳浓度监测系统

针对小型农作物温室环境指标监测的需要,设计实现了农作物温室大棚二氧化碳浓度监测系统。采用STC系列单片机控制,对农作物大棚内二氧化碳浓度进行近距离实时监测,采用TFT彩屏显示实时值和动态曲线,具有阀值调节,超过阀值报警,可实现小型温室农作物的生长环境二氧化碳浓度的实时监控。     

基于PLC的智能温室监控系统研究

从PLC角度出发,阐述了智能温室监控系统的主要构成,并对PLC控制软件的设计行进了研究。这方面的研究能够促使智能温室监控系统向更高的水平发展,对我国的温室种植发展起到一定的推动作用。     

基于辐热积模型的温室栽培生产规划决策支持系统磁

为实现定期上市目标下的温室栽培生产规划,以作物辐热积模型为依据,利用历史气象数据和市场价格信息,建立基于辐热积模型的温室黄瓜栽培生产规划决策模型。应用 Web 技术开发了温室作物栽培生产规划决策系统,系统能实现作物在确定种植时间条件下预计上市期及温室运行过程的逐日环境优化决策,并以温室栽培黄瓜为例,对决策模型进行了验证。结果表明,系统能根据用户所提出的决策目标和温室运行状况,实现温室栽培生产的规划决策。     

温室光照度控制系统

阐述了一个基于单片机的温室光照度控制系统,利用数字式光照度传感器（BH1750FVI）检测温室内外的光照度,根据不同作物生长所需的适宜光照范围,选择挡上遮光膜或开启一定数量的补光灯。此系统有自动控制和手动控制两种工作模式。在自动控制模式下,根据选定的作物的种类自动使温室光照度保持在作物所需的范围,在手动控制模式下,遮光膜的打开和遮盖以及补光系统的开启都需要人为来完成。试验表明：该系统可以弥补人工控制误差大、效率低等缺陷,具有操作简单、使用方便的优点,具有较强的实用性。     

微藻固定高浓度CO2技术的研究进展

自工业革命以来,不断增长的燃料消耗导致大气中CO2浓度日益升高,由此所产生的温室效应已经受到全世界的普遍关注.近年来,国际上已经开展了生物固碳技术的相关研究.详细介绍了目前国内外利用微藻固定高浓度CO2技术的研究现状.