Experimental investigation of gas-liquid flow in a vertical venturi installed downstream of a horizontal blind tee flow conditioner and the flow regime transition

A venturi device is commonly used as an integral part of a multiphase flowmeter (MPFM) in real-time oil-gas production monitoring. Partial flow mixing is required by installing the venturi device vertically downstream of a blind tee pipework that conditions the incoming horizontal gas-liquid flow (for an accurate determination of individual phase fraction and flow rate). To study the flow-mixing effect of the blind tee, high-speed video flow visualization of gas-liquid flows has been performed at blind tee and venturi sections by using a purpose-built transparent test rig over a wide range of superficial liquid velocities (0.3–2.4 m/s) and gas volume fractions (10–95%). There is little ‘homogenization’ effect of the blind tee on the incoming intermittent horizontal flow regimes across the tested flow conditions, with the flow remaining intermittent but becoming more axis-symmetric and predictable in the venturi measurement section. A horizontal (blind tee) to vertical (venturi) flow-pattern transition map is proposed based on gas and liquid mass fluxes (weighted by the Baker parameters). Flow patterns can be identified from the mean and variance of a fast electrical capacitance holdup measured at the venturi throat.     

Characterization of dynamic behavior of a spout-fluid bed with Shannon entropy analysis

Differential pressure fluctuation time series were obtained at different locations in a two-dimensional spout-fluid bed with a cross section of 300 × 30 mm and height 2000 mm. Shannon entropy analysis of differential pressure fluctuations was developed to characterize the dynamic behavior. Effects of two important operating parameters (spouting gas velocity and fluidizing gas flow rate) on the Shannon entropy were examined. It was demonstrated that a spout-fluid bed at a high spouting gas velocity or fluidizing gas flow rate was a deterministic chaos system since the Shannon entropies at all bed locations increased sharply and asymmetric unstable flows occurred. Shannon entropies were found to be significantly different at various bed locations. Shannon entropies of different flow regimes were distinct, so they were used to identify the flow regimes. The results show that the Shannon entropy helps to grasp the complex characteristics of dynamic behavior in spout-fluid beds.     

Trends in Hydrological Parameters of a Southern Brazilian Watershed and its Relation to Human Induced Changes

The Piracicaba river basin is a subtropical watershed located in the southeastern region of Brazil. With an area of 12 400 km², the basin is a typical example of new landscape resulting from development in tropical and sub-tropical regions: establishment of intensive industrial and agricultural processes were followed by significant population growth and water management. This scenario has led to significant increase in water demand and decrease in water quality. The main objective of this study is the detection of changes in the patterns of flow and precipitation in the basin, and its possible relation to man-induced changes. Statistical analyses were performed on records of precipitation, evapotranspiration and streamflow, from 1947 to 1991. Precipitation and evapotranspiration totals showed significant increasing trends for the entire basin. From eight streamflow gauge stations, half showed significant decreasing trend. The most probable cause of such trends is the export of water from the basin to the metropolitan region of São Paulo city.     

浅谈水文过河缆道建设施工过程中的质量控制

应用水文过河缆道测验在传统水文测验中是一种行之有效的测验手段。本文主要结合黄河水文近年来开展的水文测报水平升级活动和现代化建设过程中取得的成功经验,分析说明水文过河缆道建设施工过程中的质量控制措施和方法。     

山西省水文数据库的建设与结构分析

文中通过对山西省水文数据库建设的回顾，分析了数据库的库表结构及相关内容，并对今后数据库的建设工作提出了建议和展望。     

依靠弯道控导河势流路

在天然河道中，河势演变虽具有一定的随机性，但仍有一定的规律可循，在一个河段内，一般可归纳出2－3条基本流路，为控制河势变化，需要选择出一条基本流路进行河道整治，当连续发生枯水期或洪水期时，部分河段的河势可能出现大的变化，为防止不利河势向下游传播，可修建较长的龙头弯道工程，利用龙头弯道工程分段调整，控导河势，保持河势稳定。     

辽宁省2002年水情趋势预测

针对辽宁省旱涝发生的基本规律,系统介绍多年来开展水文中长期预报所应用的理论和方法,总结水情趋势预测工作的经验,对2002年水情趋势进行分析预测。     

长江重要堤防安全监测技术的应用与发展

长江重要堤防安全监测工程中,对主要穿堤建筑物、重要堤段都布置了安全监测设施.两年多来的监测过程中,获得了大量的监测资料和信息,为评价防渗墙的渗控效果及穿堤建筑物的运行状况提供了科学依据.防渗墙是堤防加固和防渗处理的主要工程措施之一,通过监测资料分析,防渗墙的实施有效地改善了堤身、堤基的渗流状态,不同结构形式的防渗墙所起的截渗效果是不一样的.穿堤建筑物内部监测由渗压计、测缝计、位错计和界面土压力计组成,为穿堤建筑物安全运行状况和施工质量评价提供了科学的依据.堤防安全监测新技术的开发与应用研究拓展了传统的安全监测领域,先进的安全监测技术在堤防工程建设中将得到广泛应用.     

水文自动测报系统防雷的探讨

水文自动测报系统若配备有线／无线（GSM，GPRS）双通道，可提高系统的可靠性，保证系统的畅通。然而，有线组网方式最致命弱点是防雷能力差，针对防雷问题，在实践中探讨其有效途径，论述接地装置的设计、安装中应注意的几个问题，并介绍在实践中电话线防雷从一级防护发展到三级防护，提高防雷的效果，有待在实践中，再认识，再提高。     

中国的主要水问题及水文学的机遇

从水资源开发利用与保护、水旱灾害防治等方面论述中国当前存在的主要水问题：水危机和水浪费同时存在、水污染日趋严重、防洪减灾任重道远、生态环境破坏严重、全球气候变暖产生不利影响；进而论述水文学研究面临的新课题：水文现象的不确定性、人类活动对水文的影响、水位频率计算、水资源开发利用的最佳效应、水资源供需分析、农业节水灌溉机理及水旱灾害的防治，并指出必须加强对这些新课题的研究