Effects of polyoxyethylene nonylphenol on dynamic mechanical properties and crystallization of polypropylene

Polypropylene (PP) was blended with polyoxyethylene nonylphenol (PN) in a twin-screw extruder and injection moulded. The dynamic mechanical properties of PP/PN blends were characterized by dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA). The glass transition temperature (T_g) of PP showed a slight decrease with incorporation of PN. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) were employed to investigate the effects of PN on crystallization of PP. In a study of nonisothermal crystallization of PP and PP/PN blends, crystallization parameter analysis showed the addition of PN reduced the peak temperature of crystallization. β-form crystals of PP coexisted with α-form crystals in PP/PN blends, and oriented on the surface layer of injection moulded bar as revealed by WAXD. The degree of orientation was determined using Hermans orientation function. The thermal stability of β-form crystals was evaluated using high temperature WAXD and POM.     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚衣康酸单酯磺酸二钠盐的合成

以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)、衣康酸(IA)和亚硫酸钠为原料,通过酯化反应和磺化反应成功合成了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚衣康酸单酯磺酸二钠盐。考察了反应温度、反应时间和物料物质的量比对反应体系的影响,得到的最佳工艺条件为:OP-10与IA的物质的量比为1∶1.05,酯化温度120℃,酯化时间4 h;酯化产物与亚硫酸钠物质的量比为1∶1.05,磺化温度90℃,磺化时间4 h。并通过红外光谱(IR)对产品结构进行对比分析,确定产物结构。     

Analysis of triclosan and 4n‐nonylphenol in Colombian reservoir water by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

In this work were determined triclosan and 4n‐nonylphenol in water from a reservoir that is used to provide water to a purification plant in an important city in Colombia. The analytical methodology was validated using solid‐phase extraction and analysis by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The analysis by GC‐MS showed good linearity in the range of 0.05–5 μg/L for both compounds. Recoveries from 79 to 109% and standard deviations of 2.5–7.7 for low concentrations and from 3.8 to 9.6 (n = 5) for high concentrations were obtained for both compounds. In Colombia, this is the first time that these compounds have been analysed in water supplying of a drinking water treatment plant. The validated method was applied to the analysis of 27 samples collected in August 2010 in 11 locations from the reservoir and in the influent and effluent of the drinking water treatment plant. In total, seven samples were found to contain triclosan.     

城市污水处理过程中壬基酚的迁移转化途径研究

采用GC—Ms法对北京市某污水处理厂各处理单元的壬基酚（NP）分布状况进行了检测，探讨了城市污水处理过程中壬基酚的迁移转化途径。结果表明，城市污水处理厂进水NP平均浓度为19．26μg／L，出水NP平均浓度为4．57μg／L。由于泥区回流液中NP浓度较高，导致NP浓度随水处理流程有先升高后降低的趋势，沉砂池出水NP浓度最高，为进水浓度的1．5倍。在污水处理流程中，除原水外，泥区回流液是NP的一个重要来源；NP的迁出与去除途径包括：初沉池生污泥和二沉池活性污泥的吸附作用，曝气池内的生物降解作用以及随处理出水的排放。     

食品用塑料包装中壬基酚迁移量的检测

建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品用塑料包装中壬基酚的迁移量。样品经迁移试验得食品模拟物,水性模拟物直接上机,油基模拟物经甲醇提取、冷冻离心后取上清液分析,外标法定量。在本试验条件下,壬基酚线性关系良好,6种模拟物的相关系数都达到0.998 5以上,两类模拟物的检出限分别为0.01 mg/L和0.01 mg/kg,回收率为89.3%～94.4%,RSD值为2.76%～3.37%。该法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于食品用塑料包装中壬基酚迁移量的检测。     

聚硫堇/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极测定壬基酚

用电化学聚合法在玻碳电极上形成聚硫堇,再修饰石墨烯,制备出聚硫堇/石墨烯修饰电极。并采用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法对壬基酚在此修饰电极上的电化学行为进行测定,对实验条件进行了优化,结果表明,在p H值为4.0的B-R缓冲溶液中,壬基酚在3.0×10-8~2.4×10-7mol/L的浓度范围内与其氧化峰电流值呈现良好的线性关系,线性系数为0.9916,最低检测限为2.0×10-8mol/L(S/N=3),可用于实际样品的检测。     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠微乳液拟三元相图及微观结构研究

以表面活性剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(NPES)为对象,考察了助表面活性剂与复配表面活性剂对NPES形成微乳液体系的影响.通过比较微乳液区域(ME)在拟三元相图中所占比例,发现最优配比为m(NPES):m(DBSA)=1:1,m(复配表面活性剂):m(正丙醇)=1:3,此时形成微乳液区域面积最大,占57%;用电导率法与动态光散射(DLS)分析微乳液结构,结果表明,当w(H2O)＞60%时,形成微乳液为O/W型,粒径为34 nm;该体系对温度不敏感.     

壬基酚对大鼠F1子代脑基因表达的影响

目的:研究壬基酚通过妊娠期暴露是否会影响F1子代的脑发育。方法:对SD孕鼠染毒NP,从妊娠第7天开始持续到产后第二天,分别提取NP组和对照组F1代2d龄大鼠的脑组织mRNA,表达谱基因芯片检测脑基因的表达。用Q-PCR法验证F1雄性子代大脑泛素特异性蛋白酶8、ATP结合盒转运子和内磺肽蛋白这三个下调基因的表达,然后用Western blotting法检测F1子代大脑泛素特异性蛋白酶8的蛋白表达。结果:ATP结合盒转运子(ATP-binding cassette,ABCA)、内璜肽蛋白(Endosulfine alph,Ensa)、泛素特异性蛋白酶8(Ubiquitin Specific Protease 8,USP8/UBPy)基因和蛋白表达下调。结论:NP可影响神经细胞的正常结构和信号转导功能,并提示可以干扰机体内分泌系统、脂质和能量代谢及一系列正常生理功能。     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定复合膜袋中壬基酚的迁移量

目的 建立液相色谱串联质谱法测定复合膜袋中壬基酚迁移量的方法, 考察复合膜袋在油脂类食品模拟物中壬基酚迁移量和趋势。方法 使用油脂食品模拟物在一定条件下进行壬基酚迁移试验,采用液相色谱串联质谱仪进行检测, 采用EC-C18(100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.7 μm)色谱柱, 电喷雾离子源(electrospray ion source, ESI), 在多反应监测模式(multi reaction monitoring, MRM)负模式下测定壬基酚。结果 壬基酚在0.01~5.0 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数r2为0.999, 检出限0.01 mg/kg, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为2.6%, 回收率为93.0%~108.0%。该复合膜袋样品中壬基酚迁移量随着温度和时间增大逐渐升高。结论 该方法快速、有效, 适合用于检测油脂类食品模拟物中壬基酚的迁移量。     

臭氧氧化NP_nEO及其代谢产物NP的反应机理

为提高再生水质量和回用安全性,采用臭氧氧化壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPnEO)及其代谢产物壬基酚(NP),分析了臭氧氧化NPnEO的效果及其反应历程.研究结果表明,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的臭氧氧化主要发生在乙氧基链上,随着氧化进程的进行,各种聚合度NPnEO中的EO链发生断裂,聚合度随之减小,前10 min内,混合物中各聚合度的NPnEO所占的比例仍符合泊松分布.壬基酚极易被臭氧氧化,接触5 min后去除率可达到90%;壬基酚的臭氧氧化不完全,有壬醇类中间产物生成.