聚偏二氟乙烯增强型微孔膜的研制

本文讨论了聚偏二氟乙烯浓度,添加剂种类及其浓度,空气中溶剂挥发时间,凝胶浴温度对膜性能的影响,通过控制适当的制膜条件,可以制成高通量的０．２２μｍ至３．０μｍ系列的聚偏二氟乙烯增强型微孔膜。     

新型电动机缺相和换相保护装置

根据电动机在使用过程中因缺相或换相造成电动机和机床不能安全运行的情况,设计了一种新型电动机缺相保护和换相保护电路,实践证明该装置制造简单,行之有效。     

The effects of spinning conditions on asymmetric 6FDA/6FDAM polyimide hollow fibers for air separation

We have found that the chemistries of inner and external coagulants, gelation bath temperature, and air gap distance have profound effects on 6FDA-polyimde hollow-fiber morphology and performance. This 6FDA-polyimide is made of 50 mol % 2,2′-bis(3,4′-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoro propane dianhydride (6FDA) and 50 mol % 2,2′-bis(3-aminophenyl) hexafluoro propane (4,4′ 6F-diamine) (6FDAM). An increase in air gap distance tends to induce three-dimensional open-cell pore formation. Raising bath temperature has a similar effect. Multilayer finger-void structure can be completely eliminated if one properly chooses a bore-fluid flow rate and a gelation bath temperature. Experimental data demonstrate that the location of the dense layer can be shifted from the inner skin to the outer skin based on the chemistry (solubility parameter) of coagulants. The location of finger voids is also dependent on the chemistry of coagulants, and the dense layer location may shift from the inner surface to the external surface or appear in both surfaces dependent on the differences in solubility and coagulation rate. A defect-free 6FDA/6FDAM polyimide fiber with a selectivity of 4.73 and a permeance of 38.1 GPU is produced. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:1555–1569, 1997     

时域反相对称与扩频技术的混合技术研究

根据噪声在时域上的相关性以及反相对称法的抗噪原理,将反相对称法与扩频通信相结合,提出了一种新的扩频通信方法。通过仿真和实验验证表明,时域反相对称扩频技术能使系统获得较高的输出信噪比,且在相同的传输条件下,反相对称扩频技术的性能优于一般的扩频技术。     

带有均衡因子的反相对称调制法的研究

在对实际通信系统中窄带噪声相关性分析的基础上,介绍了反相对称调制法的系统模型,该模型中信号在两路近似的信道中传输,并在其中一路信道中引入增益因子。论证了该模型中增益因子、两路噪声功率比以及两路噪声相关性这三者的关系,从理论上得出了这三者关系的数学表达式。最后利用MATALAB仿真工具强大的数学仿真功能对这三者的数学表达式进行仿真,从图像上便可直观地验证出反相对称调制法能有效提高信噪比、具有优越抗噪声性能的结论。     

直孔三明治结构GDC-LSF双相复合透氧膜制备和性能研究

致密陶瓷透氧膜因在氧气制备和涉氧化工过程中的潜在重要应用而备受关注。本研究采用相转化流延/叠层/烧结工艺制备了三明治结构Gd_0.1Ce_0.9O_2–δ-La_0.6Sr_0.4FeO_3–δ(GDC-LSF)双相复合陶瓷透氧膜,其中部为起氧分离作用、厚度80μm的致密功能层,两侧为厚度420μm的直孔结构支撑层。采用浸渍法在支撑层内壁修饰Nd₂NiO_4+δ(NNO)纳米颗粒。在膜的一侧通入空气,另一侧通入氦气作为载气,测得900℃时氧渗透通量高达1.53 mL·cm^-2·min^-1。将氦气切换为CO₂,测得氧渗透通量为0.6mL·cm^-2·min^-1,氧渗透在长达90h的时间内保持稳定。该透氧膜经历70余次热循环(800～900℃)后仍保持完好。本研究表明:直孔三明治结构GDC-LSF透氧膜具有良好的氧渗透性能、...     

碱性水电解用聚砜复合隔膜制备工艺

采用浸没沉淀相转化法制备碱性水电解用聚砜复合隔膜的工艺研究。分别考察了聚砜（PSF）含量、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）添加量、ZrO2添加量、蒸发时间、凝固浴温度和湿态膜厚度对成品性能的影响,并对其空隙率、最大孔径、亲水性、碱失量等进行了表征。获得的优化实验条件：铸膜液以N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）为溶剂,PSF和PVP的质量分数均为15%,干态下氧化锆的质量分数为60%左右,预蒸发时间和凝固浴温度分别为15 s和15℃,湿态膜厚度为0.515 mm。在此优化条件下,隔膜的各项主要指标均表现出良好的性能。     

相转化法的湿法成膜机理

介绍了近几年来在国际上较流行的由Ａ．Ｊ．Ｒｅｕｖｅｒｓ和Ｃ．Ａ．Ｓｍｏｌｅｒｓ等提出的有关相转化法的湿法成新机理，该理论从高聚物溶液的热力学及动力学出发，通过建立起成形过程中多组分传质扩散的唯象方程，定量地计算出经且分的变化轨迹，同时结合膜断面及表面的电镜照片，从相态变化的角度上提出了膜结构及大孔形成的新机理。     

Atmospheric plasma spraying to fabricate metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells with open-channel porous metal support

Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) have been fabricated by applying phase-inversion tape-casting and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The effect of the binder amount of the phase-inversion slurries on the microstructure development of the 430L stainless steel metal support was investigated. The pore structures, the viscosity of the slurry, porosity and permeability of the as-prepared metal supports are significantly influenced by the amount of the binder. NiO–scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) anode, ScSZ electrolyte and La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3−δ (LSCF) cathode layers were consecutively deposited on the metal support with an ideal microstructure by APS process. The effect of plasma power of the APS on the microstructure of the electrolyte and cathode was investigated. A dense electrolyte layer and a porous cathode layer were successfully obtained at 40 and 6 kW of the APS plasma power, respectively. MS-SOFCs, with a cell configuration of 430L/Ni-ScSZ/ScSZ/LSCF, achieved a maximum cell power density of 1079 mW cm⁻² at 700°C using humidified H₂ as fuel and ambient air as oxidant. The corresponding ohmic resistance and total resistance of MS-SOFCs was 0.14 and 0.32 Ω cm², respectively. This work demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating high-performance MS-SOFCs with economical and scalable techniques.     

YSZ/Ni-YSZ双层中空纤维电解质层厚度控制及其影响

本研究利用相转化共纺丝法一步制备出微管式固体氧化物燃料电池(MT-SOFC)用电解质/阳极(YSZ/NiO-YSZ)双层中空纤维膜, 将制得的YSZ/NiO-YSZ双层中空纤维膜前驱体经1450℃烧结后, 以纯H₂在700℃下还原4 h得到YSZ/Ni-YSZ双层中空纤维膜。电解质YSZ膜层厚度通过改变YSZ铸膜液挤出速率来调节。将La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO_3-δ(LSM)阴极乳浆浸渍涂覆在烧结后的YSZ/NiO-YSZ双层中空纤维膜外, 经1200℃烧结后形成微管式固体氧化物燃料电池。结果表明, 当阳极铸膜液以10?mL/min速率挤出, 而电解质铸膜液挤出速率为0.5、1、1.5、2 mL/min时, 构造的YSZ/Ni-YSZ双层中空纤维膜电解质层厚度分别为6、13、18、28 μm, 其机械强度、气密性均随着电解质层厚度增加而增大, 但电导率与孔隙率受电解质层厚度的影响较小。YSZ膜厚度为28 μm的MT-SOFC, 800℃时以20 mL/min氢气作为燃料, 30 mL/min空气作为氧化剂, 最大开路电压为1.01 V, 最大输出功率只有75 mW/cm²。但同样测试条件下, YSZ膜厚度为6 μm的MT-SOFC, 开路电压为0.92 V, 最大输出功率升至329 mW/cm²。