Technological and sensorial properties of liquid nitrogen ice cream enriched with protein from brewing waste (trub)

Debittered trub (brewing waste) is an important source of protein source (70.26%). Trub and whey protein were used for 5% protein enrichment of ice cream frozen by liquid nitrogen. Three formulations were elaborated: ice cream standard (ICS), ice cream with whey protein (ICW) and ice cream with trub (ICT). Chemical composition, rheological properties, texture, overrun, melting rate, scanning electron microscopy and a sensorial test were performed. Results showed that ICT presented a higher viscosity, obtained on the upward curve up to 6.76 Pa s⁻¹, consistency index (22.96 (Pa s⁻¹)ⁿ), hysteresis area (140.40 mPa s⁻¹) and hardness (31113.33 g) but a lower melting rate (0.38 g min⁻¹), overrun (13.92%) and sensorial acceptability than the other formulations. The addition of trub debittered for protein enrichment improved ice cream properties and demonstrated that it could be used as a food ingredient.     

Generation of Technology-Independent Retargetable Analog Blocks

This paper introduces a complete methodology for retargeting of analog cells to different sets of specifications. This methodology is technology-independent, thus allowing the migration, from one technology to another, of the circuit under retargeting. Careful integration of the device sizing and layout generation tasks via the incorporation of layout constraints during the sizing process allows to generate fully functional designs in a few minutes. The methodology is illustrated via the retargeting of a fully-differential Miller-compensated two-stage operational amplifier for a new set of specifications and two different technological processes.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Beyond Boundary Objects: Collaborative Reuse in Aircraft Technical Support

Boundary objects are a critical, but understudied, theoretical construct in CSCW. Through a field study of aircraft technical support, we examined the role of boundary objects in the practical achievement of safety by service engineers. Their resolution of repair requests was preserved in the organization’s memory via three compound boundary objects. These crystallizations did not manifest a static interpretation, but instead were continually reinterpreted in light of meta-negotiations. This suggests design implications for organizational memory systems which can more fluidly represent the meta-negotiations surrounding boundary objects.     

基于知识的可重用构件查询系统KCQ

本文提出了一个基于知识的、支持面向对象程序设计方法的软件重用构件查询系统，本系统采用了语义网络知识表示模型，提供了构件知识表示语言ＣＫＲＬ，来描述可重用构件的特征和用于检索的知识．提供了语义网络联想式查询、条件查询和构件评价．     

Object-extending class transformations

Reorganisation and evolution of class hierarchies is important for object-oriented system development and has received considerable attention in the literature. The contributions of this paper are: (1) a formal study of a set of extension relations and transformations on class hierarchies; (2) a presentation of a small set of primitive transformations which form a minimal and complete basis for the extension relations; and (3) an analysis of the impact of these transformations at the object level.The study leads to a better understanding of evolution and reuse of object-oriented software and class hierarchies. It also provides a terminology and a means of classification for design reuse. The theory presented in this paper is based on the Demeter data model, which gives a concise mathematical foundation for classes and their inheritance and part-of relationships. Parts of the theory have been implemented in the Demeter System ^TM C++, a CASE tool for object-oriented design and programming.     

陈垃圾土的压缩性试验研究

首先介绍了重庆市主城区填埋场的现状，论述了深入研究陈垃圾土压缩特性的重要性。作者在简要总结了采样场内陈垃圾土的基本物理性质后。通过室内侧限压缩试验(亦称固结试验)，得出了描述陈垃圾土压缩性质的基本参数，如αv、Es、mv和Cc等，试验表明陈垃圾土是一种不同于常见土类的高压缩性欠固结土，试验结果可为填埋场再利用和已封闭填埋场的沉降计算提供依据。     

Unix tools as visual programming components in a GUI‐builder environment

Development environments based on ActiveX controls and JavaBeans are marketed as ‘visual programming’ platforms; in practice their visual dimension is limited to the design and implementation of an application's graphical user interface (GUI). The availability of sophisticated GUI development environments and visual component development frameworks is now providing viable platforms for implementing visual programming within general‐purpose platforms, i.e. for the specification of non‐GUI program functionality using visual representations. We describe how specially designed reflective components can be used in an industry‐standard visual programming environment to graphically specify sophisticated data transformation pipelines that interact with GUI elements. The components are based on Unix‐style filters repackaged as ActiveX controls. Their visual layout on the development environment canvas is used to specify the connection topology of the resultant pipeline. The process of converting filter‐style programs into visual controls is automated using a domain‐specific language. We demonstrate the approach through the design and the visual implementation of a GUI‐based spell‐checker. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水资源可持续发展和雨水集蓄利用

人类进入 2 1世纪之际 ,水资源紧缺已成为全球性的问题。第二届全球水论坛提出 2 1世纪要实现人类的安全供水。到 2 0 2 5年要解决 31亿人的供水基本需求。任务十分艰巨。我国西北、华北和西南地区的缺水山区 ,地面水和地下水严重缺乏 (或季节性缺乏 )。这里山大沟深 ,引水困难 ,农业生产靠天吃饭 ,水平低下 ,居民饮用水长期没有保障 ,供水和粮食都缺乏安全性 ,是我国贫困最集中的地方。水是促进当地可持续发展的关键因素 ,而雨水是最有潜力的资源。近两个世纪以来的实践证明 ,雨水集蓄利用成功地为山区居民提供了可靠的生活和作物补充灌溉用水 ,在缺水山区的特定条件下是一项不可替代的措施。它具有分散解决、利用就地资源、采用适用技术、低投入 ,有利于社区和群众参与等特点 ,是符合可持续原则的综合发展模式。雨水集蓄利用的迅速发展已经对水资源学科提出了一系列新课题 ,将成为水资源科学新的生长点     

构件重用技术在雷达软件中的应用

随着雷达软件系统技术的发展 ,软件规模、复杂度也越来越大 ,对开发、调试、功能升级等带来难度。文中提出了利用构件技术开发雷达软件系统的思想 ,并给出利用构件技术研制雷达软件系统的基本思路     

北京某学校雨水利用设计

以北京市某中学为例,介绍一种学校雨水利用的方法。根据校区水量平衡计算结果,对利用校园内汇集的雨水作为冲厕、绿化和景观用水等进行设计;采取相应的技术措施,对雨水径流的污染进行控制,保障所利用雨水的水质达到要求,并采用生态净化的方式,使学校景观水体循环起来。虽然雨水利用工程投资较高,但其社会和环境效益显著。