两种机炉协调控制系统特性的分析比较

根据两种机炉协调控制策略——CBF和CTF的实际应用情况,从单元机组控制对象的动态特性出发,对其特点进行分析、比较,阐述了两种协调控制策略的控制品质特性,可为机炉协调控制系统的完善提供参考。     

Fast phase switching within the bunch train of the PHIN photo-injector at CERN using fiber-optic modulators on the drive laser

The future Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) e⁻/e⁺ collider is based on the two-beam acceleration concept, whereby interleaving electron bunches of the drive beam through a delay loop and combiner rings as well as high peak RF power at 12 GHz are created locally to accelerate a second beam, the main beam. One of the main objectives of the currently operational CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) is to demonstrate beam combination from 1.5 GHz to 12 GHz, which requires satellite-free fast phase-switching of the drive beam with sub-ns speed. The PHIN photo-injector, with the photo-injector laser, provides flexibility in the time structure of the electron bunches produced, by direct manipulation of the laser pulses. A novel fiber modulator-based phase-switching technique allows clean and fast phase-switch at 1.5 GHz. This paper describes the switching system based on fiber-optic modulators, and the measurements carried out on both the laser and the electron beam to verify the scheme.     

Defocus estimation from stroboscopic cryo-electron microscopy data

Defocus estimation is an important step for improving the resolution of single particle reconstructions. It can be troublesome to estimate the defocus from low-dose cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) data, particularly if there is not sufficient contrast present in the Fourier transform of the micrograph. Most existing approaches estimate the defocus from the presence of Thon rings within the power spectrum, employing image enhancement techniques to highlight these rings. In this paper, an approach to estimating the defocus from a stroboscopic image series is described. The image series is used to obtain two statistical metrics: figure of merit (FOM) and Q-factor. These metrics have been used to estimate the defoci from low-dose stroboscopic cryo-EM data consisting of a variable number of images.     

CTP应用CTF电子文件输出时的补偿曲线测算

分别使用CTF和CTP系统印刷四色网点梯尺,对印版和印刷得到的网点梯尺进行测量,根据测量数据,采用最小二乘法拟合CTP和CTF的印刷复制曲线方程,并计算出相应的数据,从而拟合出CTP匹配CTF的补偿曲线方程。根据拟合的CTP补偿曲线,可以用CTF的数据出CTP版。     

Short time step heat flow calculation of building constructions based on frequency-domain regression method

Short time step heat flow calculation of building constructions is often needed for practical applications. Conventional methods such as state-space method and root-finding method may produce unstable conduction transfer function (CTF) coefficients at short time steps, and thus result in unstable heat flow calculation through building constructions. Frequency-domain regression (FDR) method is a newly developed method for computing CTF coefficients efficiently by representing the real building construction system with equivalent polynomial s-transfer functions. Previous studies on this method mainly addressed CTF coefficients at the conventional time step of 3600 s and the performance of heat flow calculation using these coefficients. This paper presents the investigation on the performance of CTF coefficients at various short time steps based on FDR method, and the performance of the heat flow calculation using these coefficients. The results show that FDR method can produce stable CTF coefficients at various time steps for most building constructions, and the calculated heat flows using these coefficients are of high accuracy.     

Thickness dependence of high-k materials on the characteristics of MAHONOS structured charge trap flash memory

The electrical characteristics of tunnel barrier engineered charge trap flash (TBE-CTF) memory of MAHONOS (Metal/Al₂O₃/HfO₂/SiO₂/Si₃N₄/SiO₂/Si) structure were investigated. The stack of SiO₂/Si₃N₄/SiO₂ films were used as engineered tunnel barrier, HfO₂ and Al₂O₃ films were used as charge trap layer and blocking oxide layer, respectively. For comparison, the electrical characteristics of MONOS (Metal/SiO₂/Si₃N₄/SiO₂/Si), MONONOS (Metal/SiO₂/Si₃N₄/SiO₂/Si₃N₄/SiO₂/Si), and MAHOS (Metal/Al₂O₃/HfO₂/SiO₂/Si) were also evaluated. The energy band diagram was designed by using the quantum-mechanical tunnel model (QM) and then the CTF memory devices were fabricated. As a result, the optimized thickness combination of MAHONOS structure was confirmed. The tunnel barrier engineered MAHONOS CTF memory showed a considerable enhancement of program/erase (P/E) speeds, retention time and endurance characteristics.     

小班化教学在《网络信息安全》课程中的探索与实践

针对网络信息安全课程教学对象规模偏大带来的课堂参与度低、自主学习不够深入、项目规划能力较差等问题,提出了以学员为本的小班化教学模式,总结了课程实施以来采用的一些具体做法和成效,对下一步更好的发挥小班教学优势,提高学员的综合能力进行了思考。     

Restoration of weak phase-contrast images recorded with a high degree of defocus: the "twin image" problem associated with CTF correction

Relatively large values of objective-lens defocus must normally be used to produce detectable levels of image contrast for unstained biological specimens, which are generally weak phase objects. As a result, a subsequent restoration operation must be used to correct for oscillations in the contrast transfer function (CTF) at higher resolution. Currently used methods of CTF correction assume the ideal case in which Friedel mates in the scattered wave have contributed pairs of Fourier components that overlap with one another in the image plane. This "ideal" situation may be only poorly satisfied, or not satisfied at all, as the particle size gets smaller, the defocus value gets larger, and the resolution gets higher. We have therefore investigated whether currently used methods of CTF correction are also effective in restoring the single-sideband image information that becomes displaced (delocalized) by half (or more) the diameter of a particle of finite size. Computer simulations are used to show that restoration either by "phase flipping" or by multiplying by the CTF recovers only about half of the delocalized information. The other half of the delocalized information goes into a doubly defocused "twin" image of the type produced during optical reconstruction of an in-line hologram. Restoration with a Wiener filter is effective in recovering the delocalized information only when the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is orders of magnitude higher than that which exists in low-dose images of biological specimens, in which case the Wiener filter approaches division by the CTF (i.e. the formal inverse). For realistic values of the S/N, however, the "twin image" problem seen with a Wiener filter is very similar to that seen when either phase flipping or multiplying by the CTF is used for restoration. The results of these simulations suggest that CTF correction is a poor alternative to using a Zernike-type phase plate when imaging biological specimens, in which case the images can be recorded in a close-to-focus condition, and delocalization of high-resolution information is thus minimized.     

与自然对话，以巧搏力——2008奥运会北京射击馆、飞碟靶场建筑设计

2008奥运会北京射击馆和飞碟靶场的建筑设计是以射击比赛的基本要求为出发点,以功能为先导,追求建筑空间与自然的对话。运用适宜的生态建筑技术,将阳光，绿树，风作为设计的自然元素，结合生态呼吸式幕墙，预制清水混凝土外挂板，绿色中庭等，在较低的建筑造价控制下，最大限度地创造合理，人性，舒适的比赛，观赛条件，遵循“林中狩狺“的设计理念，彰显场信中射击运动的人文色彩。     

基于CTcP和CTF工艺的网点复制特性研究

CTcP技术采用普通预涂感光版,在国内印刷市场中的应用正逐渐增加。为了更好地控制网点的复制过程,提高印刷质量,通过实验和对比方法,采用6套不同方案,对测试版进行了输出,探讨了印版网点的复制特性,分析了印版网点的微观结构。结果表明：制版工艺、加网线数、成像分辨率均对网点复制有一定的影响。与传统的CTF工艺相比,CTcP制版工艺的网点复制性能更佳,表现为成像更精确,均匀性更好,阶调复制曲线更平滑,制版过程的可控性更佳。