说话人识别中的串行因子分析

在基于因子分析的说话人识别中,提出串行训练载荷矩阵的方法.在载荷矩阵训练中,采用串行的方式训练得到说话人因子矩阵、对角阵(残差矩阵)和信道空间矩阵.在说话人注册中,将以上3个载荷矩阵拼接,采用联合估计的方法得到每个说话人的因子.采用这种策略可有效解决因子分析中的饱和问题.在NIST SRE 2006年核心测试数据库上等错误率能达到3.65%.     

显热回收装置及其系统应用于北京办公建筑的可适应性

以北京地区办公建筑为重点研究对象,结合实测方法,选取北京地区办公建筑中应用较为广泛的板翅式及转轮式显热回收装置及其系统为实测对象,分析了室外温度、风速等因素对热回收装置的热效率、降低新风能耗的贡献率以及全年运行能耗的综合影响.分析结果表明,板翅式显热换热器在北京地区冬季采暖期使用时,当迎面风速vy1.5 m/s,显热效率η=60%～70%,可降低新风能耗50%以上;而板翅式及转轮式显热回收装置在北京地区夏季的可适应性较差,绝大多数时间η低于《公共建筑节能设计标准》要求的60%.     

国标中的COP与EER

通过对中华人民共和国国家标准中的COP和EER对比研读,分析了国家标准中的COP和EER的术语解释。COP既用来表示单一的制冷性能系数或制热性能系数,也用来表示制冷及制热性能系数;EER则用来表示制冷能效比,且EER不是独立出现,与此对应的是用来表示制热性能系数COP。     

热回收型空调器的性能分析与实验研究

利用空调器本身的风机从热回收器内引进新风，通过热交换回收排风的能量。采用空气焓差法对空调器引进新风前后进行制冷量、输入功率、能效比（EER）等的对比实验，并测量了换热器的热回收效率。用热回收装置引进新风后基本没有改变空调器的输入功率，相同环境条件下的制冷量增加，EER值增大，焓差热回收效率最高可达到34．12％。     

A roadmap towards intelligent net zero- and positive-energy buildings

Buildings nowadays are increasingly expected to meet higher and more complex performance requirements: they should be sustainable; use zero-net energy; foster a healthy and comfortable environment for the occupants; be grid-friendly, yet economical to build and maintain. The essential ingredients for the successful development and operation of net zero- and positive-energy buildings (NZEB/PEB) are: thermal simulation models, that are accurate representations of the building and its subsystems; sensors, actuators, and user interfaces to facilitate communication between the physical and simulation layers; and finally, integrated control and optimization tools of sufficient generality that using the sensor inputs and the thermal models can take intelligent decisions, in almost real-time, regarding the operation of the building and its subsystems. To this end the aim of the present paper is to present a review on the technological developments in each of the essential ingredients that may support the future integration of successful NZEB/PEB, i.e. accurate simulation models, sensors and actuators and last but not least the building optimization and control. The integration of the user is an integral part in the dynamic behavior of the system, and this role has to be taken into account. Future prospects and research trends are discussed.     

Use of nanoparticles to make mineral oil lubricants feasible for use in a residential air conditioner employing hydro-fluorocarbons refrigerants

The application of nano-fluids in refrigerating systems is considered to be a potential way to improve the energy efficiency and reliability of HVAC&R facilities and to make economic the use of environment-friendly refrigerants. In this paper, we report a method that uses nanoparticles to enhance the energy efficiency of retrofitted residential air conditioners (RAC) employing HFCs as alternative refrigerants. The reliability and performance of RAC with nanoparticles in the working fluid have been investigated experimentally. A new mineral-based nano-refrigeration oil (MNRO), formed by blending some nanoparticles (NiFe₂O₄) into naphthene based oil B32, was employed in the RAC using R410a as refrigerant. A method showing how to disperse the NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles in the mineral oil refrigeration lubricants is presented together with an investigation of their stability. The solubilities of the new MNRO in R134a, R407C, R410a and R425a were measured. The performances of the RAC, such as the cooling/heating capacity, the power input and the energy efficiency ratio, were determined. The results indicate that the mixture of R410a/MNRO works normally in the RAC. The cooling/heating EER of the RAC increased about 6% by replacing the Polyol-Easter oil VG 32 lubricant with MNRO.     

关于空调用热泵的若干概念辨析

分析了热泵的狭义与广义两种概念的历史成因,建议在热泵理论基础上确立广义热泵的概念。对广义概念下的热泵定义、热泵机组与系统的区分以及热泵运行经济性指标的整合等问题进行了探讨。     

废油再生装置冷却设备涡旋压缩机结构参数优化

涡旋压缩机结构参数直接影响到润滑油分子蒸馏再生装备的效率。以基于泛函通用涡旋型线构成的变壁厚涡旋盘为研究对象,建立了以能效比为目标函数的结构参数优化模型。分析了涡旋压缩机压缩过程中由排气容积变化引起的热能变化及能效比变化。以能效比为目标函数,以涡旋盘结构参数及型线方程为变量,利用遗传算法得到能效比最优化时的变量。给出具体算例,并与等壁厚的涡旋型线构成的压缩机进行性能比较,得知前者更优。基于泛函的通用涡旋型线为涡旋压缩机型线设计拓展了思路。     

广州亚运城居住建筑节能65%设计方案分析

广州亚运城居住建筑实施节能65%对提高夏热冬暖地区居住建筑节能设计标准具有重要的示范和导向作用.本文基于广州地区实施建筑节能设计标准的经验和相关工程实践,从自然通风、空调设备能效比、围护结构热工性能3个方面着眼,利用建筑能耗分析软件DeST-h对亚运城典型居住建筑设计方案进行模拟分析,提出了实现节能65%的具体设计控制指标,为夏热冬暖地区居住建筑实施节能65%的设计标准提供了初步依据.     

水冷冷水机组的动态及适应性试验方法初探

通常使用各种冷水机组的测试装置来测试水冷冷水机组的性能,包括制冷量、输入功率、能效比等参数.但需要测试产品的另外一些性能时,如产品在变化负载下的适应性、部分负荷性能以及机组控制系统的加载和卸载性能,传统的测试装置无法完成这些任务.本文探讨了一种新的试验系统,使用它可以完成水冷冷水机组的上述试验验证.