超声波检测混凝土结构抗冻性的方法研究

依据固体结构动弹模与表面波速度的关系，采用超声波检测混凝土冻融试件的动弹模，并与共振法测出的动弹模进行对比，总结出其内在相关规律，建立起预报混凝土动弹模的回归主程，由测得的波速计算出相应的动弹模，再利用动弹模之比评估出混凝土结构的抗冻性。初步试验和研究表明，此方法研究思路切实可行，符合混凝土冻融特性的基本变化规律，能够实现从度件测试向结构检测的发展，可供混凝土耐久性检测工程参考。     

自然对流条件下竖直冷平板霜生长规律的研究

本文通过在自然对流条件下,竖直冷平板上金属表面霜生长的过程显微动态观察及霜高的测量,根据实验现象和测量数据,从理论上分析了相变驱动力对结霜的作用,并可以正确解释霜生长过程中观察到的现象.     

A semi-empirical correlation for the frost density

A first-principles model for predicting the evolution of the porosity of a frost layer over time was advanced. The theoretical model was used together with experimental data obtained elsewhere to put forward a semi-empirical correlation for the frost density as a function of the time, and the modified Jakob number, which carries information about the thermodynamic conditions of the air stream and the chilled surface. When compared to experimental data, the proposed correlation showed errors within ±10% bounds. Comparisons with other frost density correlations available in the open literature are also reported.     

Frost growth and densification on a flat surface in laminar flow with variable humidity

Experiments are performed concerning frost growth and densification in laminar flow over a flat surface under conditions of constant and variable humidity. The flat plate test specimen is made of aluminum-6031, and has dimensions of 0.3 m × 0.3 m × 6.35 mm. Results for the first variable humidity case are obtained for a plate temperature of 255.4 K, air velocity of 1.77 m/s, air temperature of 295.1 K, and a relative humidity continuously ranging from 81 to 54%. The second variable humidity test case corresponds to plate temperature of 255.4 K, air velocity of 2.44 m/s, air temperature of 291.8 K, and a relative humidity ranging from 66 to 59%. Results for the constant humidity case are obtained for a plate temperature of 263.7 K, air velocity of 1.7 m/s, air temperature of 295 K, and a relative humidity of 71.6%. Comparisons of the data with the author's frost model extended to accommodate variable humidity suggest satisfactory agreement between the theory and the data for both constant and variable humidity.     

电场作用下竖直板表面特性对霜层生长的影响

研究了自然对流条件下直流电场对竖直表面上霜晶初始形态的影响，拍摄了不同电场下的霜晶形态，研究发现，在成霜初期，电场越强，冷壁面上形成的水珠越小。当水珠完全冻结后，所形成的冰柱在一定时间内不断增大。在适当的电场下，亲水表面比裸铜表面能够更好地抑制霜层的厚度。对亲水表面结霜质量的研究表明，电场使结霜质量增加，并且结霜质量随着电场的增大而增大。     

Practical Model of Frost Heave in Clay

Freezing behavior of clay differs from that of silt. This difference stems primarily from the low permeability or hydraulic conductivity of clay, and the higher water content of saturated clay. Freezing effects include simultaneous heave and consolidation. Six small physical model columns of clay were frozen: one at 1g; and five on a centrifuge at various scales and with corresponding accelerations, to bring self-weight stresses into similarity with a full scale column of clay 4?m in height. The experimental results demonstrated the importance of replicating the prototype stress conditions in a model. They demonstrated the importance of local water content on development of heave in clay, and the relative insensitivity of heave to location of the phreatic surface. Low permeability caused the clay to behave essentially as a closed system with regard to water flow. A simple analytical model was developed to explain observed soil response. Further research is recommended to provide more guidance in selecting input parameters.     

冰灾后对电力设施的分析和思考

2008年冰雪灾害造成广西电力设施大面积损坏,分析其原因,指出供输电线路重冰区导线局部应力大于导线瞬时破坏应力,是造成大范围断线倒杆的原因。以实例简介了供电线路大电流融冰技术。通过灾后反思,提出了重新建立和完善分层次电网、分层次电源、国防后备电源的建议。     

Impact of sodium sulfate on soil frost heaving in an open system

The existence of solutes and their redistribution during freezing have a deep influence on the process of soil freezing. We performed unidirectional freezing experiments in an open system with red clay collected at the Beiluhe test site along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway. The groundwater supply of the soil was simulated in the laboratory experiment by attaching a liquid replenishment system to the bottom of the sample container. In order to see the influence of the salt on the evolution of the sample during unidirectional freezing, two types of experiments were performed. (i) The soil samples were supplied with a sodium sulfate solute of 5% concentration, and (ii) only distilled water without any salty component was added. Based on the freezing temperature measurements of salty soil, migration of sodium sulfate solution towards a lower temperature zone during freezing 0 °C isotherm in the soil moved gently towards deeper layers, but frost depth of the soil ascended slightly with time when the sample was constantly cooled. Compared to the distilled water replenishment, the amount of frost-heaving was smaller in the soil column with sodium sulfate solution replenishment. Based on the frost depth curve, the solubility curve of the Na₂SO₄–H₂O system and the amount of frost heaving and salt expansion in the soil column we have calculated the amount of frost heaving and salt expansion. In an early stage of the experiment deformation of the soil column was mainly caused by frost heaving, while in a later phase crystallization of the sodium sulfate played a lager role. This conclusion is confirmed by the results of the dry density measurement after the experiments.     

基于到达角误差约束的稳健宽带波束合成算法

针对阵列天线存在系统误差的情况,在Frost结构的基础上提出了一种改进的稳健宽带波束合成算法.该算法以信号到达角(DOA)误差为约束条件合成期望信号,并把滤波器优化设计转化为凸优化问题,使用内点迭代法有效解决,进一步使得期望的信号响应具有一定的波动性,从而使得更多的自由度应用在干扰和噪声的抑制上,达到优化加权制的目的....