日本清酒入门(五)

简要介绍日本清酒的生产方法，包括酒的知识、精米、蒸米、制曲、酵母、分析、勾兑等。     

发展创新民族风格的包装设计

首先揭示出民族风格是与时代风格对立统一、相互依存的一个概念。因而特定的时代需要具有时代精神的民族风格──创新民族风格。在探索此风格的过程中．我们首先要学习日本的战略，然后在学习的基础上实现超越。     

Relative Contributions of the Male and the Female to Sexual Behavior and Reproductive Success in the Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica).

Two contrasting investigative techniques provided evidence consistent with the interpretation that female quail (Coturnix japonica) regulate male copulatory behavior by the duration of their immobility and through this behavioral mechanism they also control the rate of fertilization of their eggs. In Experiment 1, copulation tests with males and females from different genetic lines showed that the type of female that participated in a copulatory test significantly influenced the latency of the male's grab, mount, and cloacal contact responses and also determined the efficiency of the male's copulatory behavior. These measures of male performance were correlated with female immobility in Experiment 2, which used a more homogeneous population of quail. Furthermore, 2 of these measures (copulatory efficiency and the latency to make cloacal contact) were correlated with fertilization rate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Human DDX3X Unwinds Japanese Encephalitis and Zika Viral 5′ Terminal Regions

Flavivirus genus includes many deadly viruses such as the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). The 5′ terminal regions (TR) of flaviviruses interact with human proteins and such interactions are critical for viral replication. One of the human proteins identified to interact with the 5′ TR of JEV is the DEAD-box helicase, DDX3X. In this study, we in vitro transcribed the 5′ TR of JEV and demonstrated its direct interaction with recombinant DDX3X (K_d of 1.66 ± 0.21 µM) using microscale thermophoresis (MST). Due to the proposed structural similarities of 5′ and 3′ TRs of flaviviruses, we investigated if the ZIKV 5′ TR could also interact with human DDX3X. Our MST studies suggested that DDX3X recognizes ZIKV 5′ TR with a K_d of 7.05 ± 0.75 µM. Next, we performed helicase assays that suggested that the binding of DDX3X leads to the unwinding of JEV and ZIKV 5′ TRs. Overall, our data indicate, for the first time, that DDX3X can directly bind and unwind in vitro transcribed flaviviral TRs. In summary, our work indicates that DDX3X could be further explored as a therapeutic target to inhibit Flaviviral replication     

Physiological and behavioral effects of coniferyl benzoate on avian reproduction

Various plant secondary metabolites related to cinnamic acid are of interest because of their repellency to birds and their occurrence in ecologically important food items. Coniferyl benzoate (CB), a phenylpropanoid ester that occurs in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) is of particular ecological interest because of its effect on ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) feeding behavior and its possible influence on the population dynamics of this bird. During detoxification processes, CB and other analogous compounds are metabolized into by-products, such as ferulic acid (FA), that can cause anti-reproductive effects. We tested whether consumption of CB produces antire-productive effects similar to FA using male and female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) as avian models for ruffed grouse. The parameters we investigated included: the production, morphology, and development of eggs; reproductive characteristics influenced by estrogen; serum prolactin levels; and male reproductive behavior. Dietary CB did not produce antireproductive effects similar to FA at intake levels that Japanese quail and ruffed grouse would freely consume. Consumption of CB by Japanese quail significantly reduced egg production and body mass but did not affect male reproductive performance. Coniferyl benzoate's effect on egg production may be explained by lower energy acquisition and retention rather than endocrine changes per se. Contrary to previous reports, it is unlikely that FA, or similar compounds act directly as estrogen mimics or antagonists. Although, CB did reduce egg production in quail, it is unlikely that it would affect egg production in wild ruffed grouse. Detoxification costs and the effects of CB on nutrient utilization may explain why ruffed grouse avoid high dietary levels of CB.     

提纯乙型脑炎细胞培养疫苗的研究

应用截留分子量10万的超滤系统,将地鼠肾细胞乙型脑炎疫苗浓缩10～20倍,再以差速离心法提纯。所得提纯乙脑疫苗免疫原性及抗原效价均比原制苗明显提高,达到日本提纯苗的水平。经人体接种反应和效果观察表明,提纯苗反应轻微,血凝抗体4倍增长率占100%,GMT258.9,与常规苗相比有非常显著差异。     

住宅设计原理——“住”的思考

居住类建筑一直是建筑设计人员关注的重点,关于"住"的思考人们也从未停歇过,将结合一些流行的住宅设计观点展开对于"住"的思考.     

日语专业本科毕业论文写作指导对策

日语专业本科毕业论文是对本科毕业生在校期间综合运用语言能力的最后一次考察,也是对学院教学水平的一次综合检验。本文拟结合我校日语专业本科毕业论文写作的实际情况,分析学生在撰写毕业论文过程中所存在的问题,并有针对性地提出日语专业毕业论文写作指导对策。     

高职院校中、日教师日语教学方法比较分析

由于文化和背景的差异,高职院校中的中、日教师的教学方法各具特色。日语外教在教学中具有教学方法灵活多样,团队协作精神强等特点。以无锡职业技术学院的日语外教为例,对高职院校中、日日语教师的教学方法进行对比分析,为有效利用外教资源,提高日语教学质量提供参考和建议。     

乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗病毒SA14-14-2株经三带喙库蚊胸腔接种后的生物学和分子生物学特性

目的研究乙型脑炎病毒减毒活疫苗SA14-14-2株经三带喙库蚊胸腔接种繁殖后的生物学和分子生物学特性,进一步评价该株病毒的稳定性和安全性。方法将乙型脑炎病毒减毒活疫苗SA14-14-2株胸腔接种的三带喙库蚊研磨,离心收集上清液,接种于BHK21细胞中培养,得到SA14-14-2M1C1病毒液。应用空斑形成单位法测定病毒滴度,再进行小鼠脑内毒力测定和乳鼠脑内回传后毒力返祖试验。提取病毒RNA,RT-PCR扩增E基因片段,测序后与SA14-14-2原株的E基因序列进行比较分析。结果SA14-14-2M1C1病毒液滴度达1.4×107PFU/ml,小鼠脑内毒力测定结果无小鼠发病死亡,乳鼠脑内传代对小鼠的脑内致病力很低,毒力为1.9LgLD50/0.03ml,小于《中国药典》规定的3.0LgLD50,且皮下注射未见小鼠发病死亡。扩增出的E基因片段序列与原株相比较,只有E区1340位一个核苷酸的变化A→G,导致E447位1个氨基酸的改变D(Asp)→G(Gly),此差异位点不是SA14-14-2株发生基因变异的8个位点之一。结论SA14-14-2疫苗株病毒经三带喙库蚊胸腔接种繁殖后,其生物学(弱毒)特性和基因特征(E区8个氨基酸突变)未发生改变,进一步证实了该病毒的稳定性。