天然番茄红素提取方法的实验研究

本文以新疆地产番茄酱为原料,研究了浸提温度、液料比、时间、浸提次数以及搅拌和酶处理等因素对番茄红素提取效果的影响,经研究确定了番茄红素的最佳提取条件为:以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,浸提温度为45℃,液料比为3﹕1,时间为35min,浸提次数为3次,若结合搅拌及酶处理,可达到较好的浸提效果.     

Growth inhibitory efficacy of lycopene and β-carotene against androgen-independent prostate tumor cells xenografted in nude mice

Scope : In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of lycopene against the growth of prostate cancer in vivo. Methods and results : Athymic nude mice were implanted subcutaneously with human androgen‐independent prostate carcinoma PC‐3 cells. They were supplemented with a low or a high dose of lycopene (4 and 16 mg/kg) and a single dose of β‐carotene (16 mg/kg) twice a week for 7 wk. At the end of the experiment, both lycopene and β‐carotene strongly inhibited the tumor growth, as evidenced by the decrease in tumor volume and tumor weight. High‐dosage lycopene and β‐carotene significantly decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in tumor tissues and increased the levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐3 in plasma. In addition, high‐dosage lycopene supplementation significantly decreased the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in plasma. In contrast, β‐carotene supplementation significantly increased the VEGF levels, as compared with tumor control group. Conclusion : Lycopene and β‐carotene supplementation suppressed the growth of prostate tumor cells, and the effects are likely associated with reduction of proliferation (attenuation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression) and with interference of the insulin‐like growth factor 1 signaling (increased plasma insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐3 levels). Furthermore, the inhibition of VEGF by lycopene suggests that the antitumor mechanisms of lycopene also involve anti‐angiogenesis.     

Carotenoids and Their Geometry Isomers in Selected Tropical Fruits

This study determined the carotenoids content in cherry tomato, pink guava, and red grapefruit pulps and juices. Cherry tomato pulp exhibited the highest β-carotene content whereas pink guava pulp had the highest lycopene content. However, β-carotene and lycopene contents in the studied fruit juices were lower than their pulps in the same sample portion. Interestingly, six to twelve cis-isomers of carotenoids were identified in the fruit pulps and juices studied. A higher number of trace amounts of cis-carotenoids was found in fruit pulps as compared to juices. Therefore, consumption of whole fruit is recommended as the studied fruit juices have lower carotenoids content.     

番茄红素的发酵生产及功能研究进展

番茄红素是一种功能性天然色素,具有抗氧化、防病抗癌、增强机体免疫力等生理功能。综述了微生物发酵生产法的研究进展,简要介绍了其研究进展。     

Pesticide residue analysis by RPLC–GC in lycopene and other carotenoids obtained from tomatoes by supercritical fluid extraction

In the present work supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is used to obtain carotenoids from tomatoes which were previously treated with pesticides. A procedure to determine pesticides in the extracts by RPLC–GC using the TOTAD interface is proposed. Tomatoes growing in an experimental plot were treated with different pesticides, and after picking, pesticide residues in the tomatoes were analysed and the tomatoes were used to obtain carotenoids by SFE. The carotenoid extracts were analysed using the above mentioned method. The data obtained indicated that trace amounts of the pesticides were extracted together with the carotenoids by SFE. The concentration of pesticide obtained in the second separation vessel was higher than that obtained in the first separation vessel. We conclude that only pesticide-free tomatoes should be used to extract carotenoids for applications as a nutritional supplement or in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.     

Preparative separation and purification of lycopene from tomato skins extracts by macroporous adsorption resins

In order to separate and purify lycopene from tomato skins extracts (lycopene oleoresin) with macroporous adsorption resins (MARs), the adsorption properties of twenty-four kinds of MARs were evaluated. The results showed that LX-68 had higher separation efficiency than other resins. Based on the static experiments with LX-68, it was found that the experimental data fitted best to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm model. The separation parameters of lycopene from tomato skins extracts were optimised through dynamic adsorption/desorption experiments with the column packed by LX-68. Through only one cycle treatment, the lycopene content in lycopene oleoresin increased 30.4-fold from 0.21% to 6.38%, with a recovery yield of 66.9%, which were determined by HPLC method. The results showed that MARs would provide useful help for the development of large-scale manufacture in the separation of lycopene from tomato skins extracts.     

Microstructure and bioaccessibility of different carotenoid species as affected by high pressure homogenisation: A case study on differently coloured tomatoes

The effect of high pressure homogenisation (HPH) on structure (Bostwick consistency, particle size distribution and microstructure) and carotenoid in vitro bioaccessibility of different tomato pulps was investigated. HPH decreased tomato particle size due to matrix disruption and increased product consistency, probably due to the formation of a fibre network. Homogenisation also resulted in a decrease of in vitro bioaccessibility of lycopene, ζ-carotene, and lutein. Such decrease was attributed to the structuring effect of HPH. An inverse relation between tomato consistency and carotenoid in vitro bioaccessibility was found. This dependency was affected by carotenoid species and its localisation within the matrix. It could be observed that one matrix (e.g. (homogenised) red tomato pulp) can contain carotenoids with a very low bioaccessibility (lycopene) as well as carotenoids with a very high bioaccessibility (lutein), indicating that carotenoid bioaccessibility is not solely dependent on the matrix.     

番茄果皮中番茄红素的超临界二氧化碳流体萃取

本项研究表明：超临界二氧化碳流体萃取能够作为传统的有机试剂萃取的替代方法有效地从番茄果皮组织中萃取番茄红素等类胡萝卜素。在本项研究中，多种有机试剂被用来对样品组织进行预处理。这种预处理可明显地提高超临界流体萃取的效率。用四氢呋喃对组织进行预处理后，超临界流体萃取物中总类胡萝卜素的含量比丙酮-乙醚萃取物的高31％，其中番茄红素占90％。这一流程可以考虑被应用到工业生产中去。     

Enzyme and high pressure assisted extraction of carotenoids from tomato waste

Enzyme (EA) and high pressure (HP) assisted extraction of carotenoids, especially lycopene, from tomato waste using various organic solvents was examined. Total carotenoid and lycopene extraction yields were increased by the use of pectinase and cellulase enzymes, when compared to the non enzyme treated solvent extraction process. The increase of extraction yield depended on the solvent. Maximum total carotenoid (127 mg/kg d.w.) and lycopene (89.4 mg/kg d.w.) extraction yields were obtained in enzyme treated samples extracted with ethyl lactate (solvent:solid = 10:1 mL:g), corresponding to almost 6-fold and 10-fold increase, respectively, with respect to non enzyme treated samples. HP assisted extraction led to higher extraction yields (from 2 to 64% increase depending on the solvent used) compared to conventional solvent extraction process performed at ambient pressure for 30 min. HP assisted solvent extraction was successfully performed at 700 MPa by using significantly (P < 0.05) lower ratios of solvent:solid (6:1 and 4:1 mL:g) and reduced processing time (10 min), compared to solvent extraction performed at ambient pressure, solvent:solid ratio 10:1 mL:g and 30 min extraction time.